Disease relevance of Nasal Lavage Fluid

• Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid appear promising as a useful indicator of allergic reactions and indicate that mast cell activation is the major factor in the immediate nasal-allergic response [1].
• The nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) from four subjects with acute sinusitis were analyzed to investigate the amount of proteins expressed in this pathology at the beginning of the event (day 1) and after 6 days of treatment with antibiotics and a nasal steroid spray [2].
• In this study we have investigated the effects of ebastine and carebastine on the release of eicosanoids and cytokines from human dispersed polyp cells and the effect of these compounds on the release of inflammatory mediators into nasal lavage fluid after allergen challenge [3].
• The local immune response to influenza virus infection was characterized by determining cytokine and chemokine levels in serial nasal lavage fluid samples from 15 volunteers experimentally infected with influenza A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1) [4].
• Chemokine concentrations in nasal washings of infants with rhinovirus illnesses [5].

High impact information on Nasal Lavage Fluid

• Viral titers of nasal washings in the group given inhaled and intranasal zanamivir were significantly lower than those in the placebo group [6].
• We found that IL-6 and IFN-alpha levels in nasal lavage fluids peaked early (day 2) and correlated directly with viral titers, temperature, mucus production, and symptom scores [7].
• In contrast to normals and minimally symptomatic volunteers, IL-6 was detected in the nasal washings from patients who developed colds after RV challenge [8].
• Symptom scores were recorded, and the levels of histamine, prostaglandin (PG) D2, kinins, and [3H]-N-alpha-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase activity in nasal lavage fluids were measured [9].
• Western analysis of nasal washings demonstrated that RV stimulated the accumulation of intracellular IL-1ra type I in all and secreted IL-1ra in a subset of volunteers [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nasal Lavage Fluid

• Smears from throat and nasal washings seeded with Bordetella pertussis were either treated with aprotinin (a protease inhibitor) or fixed with 1 or 10% Formalin [11].
• BACKGROUND: Although histamine is hypothesized to mediate symptoms induced by viral upper respiratory infections, elevations of this mediator have not been observed in nasal lavage fluids recovered from patients with viral upper respiratory infections [12].
• We have also measured NGF levels in nasal lavage fluids at baseline and with allergen provocation in rhinitis and healthy subjects [13].
• Occupational asthma and rhinitis due to glutaraldehyde: changes in nasal lavage fluid after specific inhalatory challenge test [14].
• Prostaglandin (PG) was extracted from nasal secretions of individuals with hay fever and from nasal washings of normal subjects [15].

Biological context of Nasal Lavage Fluid

• In contrast to many animal studies, capsaicin did not increase vascular permeability in the airway, because albumin content of nasal lavage fluid was not increased (p = 0.86) [16].
• Antibody responses were observed in sera and nasal washings of some but not all vaccines [17].
• Viral shedding, secretion weights, symptom scores, and concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8 in nasal lavage fluids were compared between treatment groups [18].
• The nasal lavage fluid concentrations of eotaxin and alpha(2)-MG were measured by ELISA, and differential cell counts performed on cytospins [19].
• Hypothesizing that a neurochemical alteration related to sensory hyperreactivity (SHR) of the airway mucosa occurs, we measured levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) in nasal lavage fluid (NAL) before and after capsaicin inhalation provocations and related the capsaicin cough sensitivity to the NGF levels [20].

Anatomical context of Nasal Lavage Fluid

• We conclude that nasal lavage fluids contain an HRF which induces basophil histamine release in a specific, IgE-dependent fashion but only from individuals with the appropriate type of IgE [21].
• Allergen-induced increase of eosinophil cationic protein in nasal lavage fluid: effect of the glucocorticoid budesonide [22].
• When S-IgA was administered onto the nasal mucosa after application of rhIL-5, the amount of ECP in the nasal lavage fluid was significantly more increased [23].
• In addition, nasal lavage fluid was collected, and the levels of mast-cell mediators (histamine and tryptase) were measured [24].
• The determination of histamine in nasal secretions and nasal lavage fluid may be of importance to monitor activation of histamine containing cells in the nasal cavity [25].

Associations of Nasal Lavage Fluid with chemical compounds

• Blocking activity in the nasal washings was measured by inhibition of histamine release and was found to correlate directly (rs + 0.85, P less than 0.001) with binding activity for AgE [26].
• Tryptase levels in nasal-lavage fluid as an indicator of the immediate allergic response [1].
• Capsaicin also induced a significant increase in total protein content of nasal lavage fluid after challenge compared with vehicle (increase from before challenge to 1 minute after challenge, 172 +/- 55 vs 46 +/- 29 micrograms/ml, p < 0.001) [16].
• Elevated substance P levels in nasal lavage fluids from patients with chronic nonproductive cough and increased cough sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin [27].
• CP activity was measured in nasal mucosal homogenates and nasal lavage fluids induced by methacholine, histamine, and allergen nasal provocation [28].

Gene context of Nasal Lavage Fluid

• Overall, IL-8 in nasal lavage fluids correlated significantly with ECP [29].
• In subjects with allergic rhinitis, allergen challenge led to parallel increases in eosinophil counts, levels of EPX, and eotaxin concentrations in nasal lavage fluid [30].
• IL-6 increased 25 fold in BAL and 15 fold in nasal lavage fluid (p < 0.001) [31].
• IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta increased significantly in BAL fluid (p < 0.05) and nasal lavage fluid (p < 0.01) [31].
• Here, we demonstrate the presence of multiple isoforms of palate lung nasal epithelial clone (PLUNC) in human nasal lavage fluid (NLF) [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nasal Lavage Fluid

• The tendency of capsaicin to increase neutrophil elastase in nasal lavage fluid of patients with allergic rhinitis was not observed after treatment with colchicine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[33]
• Furthermore, when compared with saline insufflation, PAF caused a significant release of MPO in the nasal lavage fluids collected 30 minutes, 3 hours, and 24 hours after challenge in atopic subjects and 3 hours after challenge in nonatopic subjects, with higher values in the former than in the latter [34].
• METHODS: To investigate the effect of exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on nasal airways resistance (NAR) and inflammatory mediators in nasal lavage fluid, eight subjects with a history of seasonal allergic rhinitis, who were tested out of season, were exposed in a randomized single-blind, crossover study to either air or 400 ppb NO2 for 6 hours [35].
• The anti-inflammatory proteins lipocortin-1 and Clara cell protein-16 (CC-16) were studied in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) protein patterns of human nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs) [36].
• RESULTS: Eotaxin-1 nasal lavage fluid concentrations were significantly higher in both the perennial and seasonal (in-season) AR groups compared with the controls, and significantly related to the severity of symptom expression and to the percentage of lavage eosinophils [19].

References