Disease relevance of Artemia

• 60S ribosomes from encysted gastrulae of the brine shrimp Artemia salina contain two acidic proteins, which are homologous to the Escherichia coli proteins L7 and L12 [1].
• Yaequinolones J1 and J2 showed toxicity against Artemia salina (brine shrimp) with the MIC value of 6.25 microg/mL [2].
• Ciguatera I: Brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) larval assay for ciguatera toxins [3].
• The phthalate ester insensitive blue-green algae (Synechococcus lividus) were used as a food source to extend the survival of synchronously hatched brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae allowing measurement of a reduced toxic response to phthalate esters at late post-hatching stages of development [4].
• Bacterial enteritis was reproduced in 16 and 22 days post-hatch (dph) larvae by administering brine shrimp nauplii, Artemia salina, dosed with the environmental isolates and reference strains of V. ichthyoenteri [5].

High impact information on Artemia

• The primary structure of elongation factor EF-1 alpha from the brine shrimp Artemia [6].
• The identities of the P1 and P2 cDNAs were confirmed by the strong similarities of their encoded amino acid sequences to published primary structures of the homologous rat, brine shrimp, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins [7].
• Genomic organization and developmental pattern of expression of the engrailed gene from the brine shrimp Artemia [8].
• Cloning and expression of a novel, highly truncated phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C cDNA from embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia [9].
• The M(r) 38,000 RNA-binding protein (P38) is the major component of translationally repressed messenger ribonucleoproteins in cryptobiotic gastrulae of the brine shrimp Artemia [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Artemia

• Both compounds also showed toxicity in the brine shrimp lethality test with a LC50 of 37 micrograms/mL (compound 1) and 19 micrograms/mL (compound 2), respectively [11].
• Lyngbyabellin B (1) was isolated from a marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula, collected near the Dry Tortugas National Park, Florida. This new cyclic depsipeptide displayed potent toxicity toward brine shrimp and the fungus Candida albicans [12].
• Chicken embryos and brine shrimp naulpii were utilized in short-term toxicity bioassays to assess their sensitivity to the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) [13].
• Lethality assays against brine shrimp eggs (Artemia salina Leach) indicated very high toxicity for the potassium salt of isolapachol (LC90=1.54 ppm), differently from the potassium salt of lapachol that can be considered non toxic (LC90=176.3 ppm) [14].
• Methanol extracts of these samples were tested in in vitro antiplasmodial, brine shrimp toxicity, and cytotoxicity assays [15].

Biological context of Artemia

• mRNA methylation and protein synthesis in extracts from embryos of brine shrimp, Artemia salina [16].
• We cloned a cDNA containing a complete open reading frame for SPARC from the brine shrimp, Artemia franciscana [17].
• Structure-activity relationship of grayanotoxin derivatives using a tetrodotoxin-antagonized spasmodic response of brine shrimp larvae (Artemia salina) [18].
• Animals were maintained at 10 degrees C in artificial seawater containing penicillin and streptomycin and were fed frozen brine shrimp and krill [19].
• The n-butanol fraction exhibited greater cytotoxicity than the aqueous fraction when tested against brine shrimp, mosquito larvae, and 5-day old tadpoles, the cytotoxicity towards the tadpoles being the most pronounced (LC(50)=0.83 ppm) [20].

Anatomical context of Artemia

• Both compounds, together with acetylbenzoisochromanquinone, showed in vitro strong activity against brine shrimp, KB cells, and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum [21].
• Furthermore, rabbit antibodies to EF-1 from A. salina which was previously shown to contain eEF-Ts [Slobin, L. I. and Möller, W. (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 84, 69--77] were found to cross-react with reticulocyte eEF-Ts, suggesting extensive structural homology between brine shrimp and rabbit eEF-Ts [22].
• These acetogenins showed potent bioactivities in the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and among six human solid tumor cell lines with notable selectivity for the prostate (PC-3) and the pancreatic (MIA PaCa-2) cell lines at 10-100 times the potency of adriamycin [23].
• Compound 1 was highly active in the brine shrimp test and showed significant inhibitory activity on DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis in HeLa and HL-60 cell lines [24].
• 1 showed potent cytotoxicities in the brine shrimp lethality test (BST) and among six human solid tumor cell lines with notable selectivity for the pancreatic cell line (PaCa-2) at about 1,000 times the potency of adriamycin [25].

Associations of Artemia with chemical compounds

• Membrane bound (Na,K)-ATPase partially purified from the nauplius larva of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, was solubilized with the non-ionic detergent C12E8 in the presence of KCl [26].
• The presence of guanosine 5'-diphospho-5'-guanosine and guanosine 5'-triphospho-5'-adenosine in brine shrimp embryos [27].
• Regulation of the biosynthesis of the sodium- and potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) (EC 3.6.1.3) was studied in the developing brine shrimp, Artemia salina [28].
• A microsomal preparation from larval stages of the brine shrimp Artemia salina was found to catalyze the transfer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to an endogenous acceptor [29].
• Acid-soluble extracts of dormant embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina, contain small amounts of two previously undescribed dinucleotides which we have identified to be guanosine 5'-diphospho-5'-guanosine and guanosine 5'-triphospho-5'-adenosine [27].

Gene context of Artemia

• Purified ribosomal proteins together with specific rabbit antisera were used to identify the two smaller rRNP antigens as the acidic phosphoproteins of the large ribosomal subunit, designated P1/P2(L40/L41) (rat), eL7/eL12 (Artemia, brine shrimp), and A1/A2 (yeast) [30].
• Similar sequences have also been reported in a yeast nucleolar protein (SSB-1) and several hnRNP proteins (rat A1 and brine shrimp GRP33) [31].
• Gene expression of trehalase during post-dormant development of the brine shrimp, Artemia: comparison of the two species [32].
• These pathways carry out bulk protein degradation in the programmed death of the intersegmental and flight muscles of insects and of individuals in a colonial ascidian; molt-induced atrophy of crustacean claw muscle; and responses of brine shrimp, mussels, and insects to environmental stress [33].
• Molecular cloning of the Na,K-ATPase alpha-subunit in developing brine shrimp and sequence comparison with higher organisms [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Artemia

• Furthermore, brine shrimp (Artemia salina) bioassay was used for the determination of toxicity of the compounds examined [35].
• Individuals of Artemia salina, the brine shrimp, were captured from the Great Salt Lake, a highly saline (330--340 g (see formula: solids content) terminal lake in Utah. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of intracellular procaryotic symbionts in the epithelial lining of the midgut [36].
• 1. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the external morphology of setae found on the antennules of adults and nauplii of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina (L.). The permeability of the antennular setae was studied by means of Slifer's crystal violet method [37].
• Larval salt glands isolated from the naupliar brine shrimp (Artemia salina) were examined using light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy [38].
• This extract, with a complex flavonoid patterns on thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, is practically non-toxic both for rats and brine shrimp Artemia salina in acute toxicity test [39].

References