Disease relevance of Papua New Guinea

• Fansidar-resistant falciparum malaria in Papua New Guinea [1].
• Two soldiers continued weekly prophylaxis with 300 mg chloroquine base on their return to Australia from Papua New Guinea but were not protected against Plasmodium vivax malaria [2].
• We report the characterization of a variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) isolated from an interleukin 2-dependent, CD8+ T-cell line derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a healthy member of a remote, recently contacted hunter-horticulturalist group (Hagahai) in Madang province of Papua New Guinea [3].
• In this report we describe an Epstein-Barr virus isolate, derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy adult from Papua New Guinea, that is a recombinant of the two major Epstein-Barr virus types, encoding type 1 Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) sequences, and type 2 EBNA3, EBNA4, and EBNA6 sequences [4].
• Previous studies in Melanesians of Papua New Guinea have documented low serum cholesterol concentrations with no age-related rise and a virtual absence of coronary heart disease [5].

Psychiatry related information on Papua New Guinea

• Huntington's disease (HD) was observed in a 45-year-old male Melanesian patient from the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea [6].

High impact information on Papua New Guinea

• In previous studies of BAEBL from two clones, Dd2/Nm from Vietnam and E12 from Papua New Guinea (PNG), it was found that BAEBL bound different erythrocyte receptors [7].
• We have studied the antibodies to sexual stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in human sera from Papua New Guinea where intense transmission of P. falciparum occurs as well as the less prevalent P. malariae and P. vivax [8].
• We aimed to establish whether the combination of benzylpenicillin and gentamicin or chloramphenicol would be better as first-line treatment in children with severe pneumonia in Papua New Guinea [9].
• Chloramphenicol versus benzylpenicillin and gentamicin for the treatment of severe pneumonia in children in Papua New Guinea: a randomised trial [9].
• METHODS: This randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of vitamin A supplementation took place in a P. falciparum endemic area of Papua New Guinea [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Papua New Guinea

• This double-blind study compared the clinical safety and parasitologic efficacy of single-dose regimens of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and ivermectin for treatment of bancroftian filariasis in Papua New Guinea [11].
• Community-acquired infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Papua New Guinea [12].
• The levels of erythrocyte membrane sialic acid from 17 patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria and 1 with Plasmodium vivax malaria, in Papua New Guinea, have been compared with 9 uninfected controls [13].
• Extraordinary prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and bimodal plasma glucose distribution in the Wanigela people of Papua New Guinea [14].
• Hydrocortisone in chloramphenicol-treated severe typhoid fever in Papua New Guinea [15].

Biological context of Papua New Guinea

• Evolution of a unique Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistance phenotype in association with pfcrt polymorphism in Papua New Guinea and South America [16].
• We have determined the haptoglobin (Hp) genotypes of 831 Melanesians from Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, and New Caledonia by Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from umbilical cord and peripheral blood samples [17].
• Here we report a molecular phylogenetic analysis of an NPC-associated viral oncogene, LMP1, in a large panel of EBV isolates from southeast Asia and from Papua New Guinea, Africa, and Australia, regions of the world where NPC is and is not endemic, respectively [18].
• The immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody responses to a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine were examined for 480 children aged 3 months to 5 years and living in Tari, Southern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea [19].
• Microsatellite analysis revealed that P2a/P2b evolved independently in the Philippines, while P1a shared common ancestry with Papua New Guinea chloroquine-resistant parasites [20].

Anatomical context of Papua New Guinea

• A variety of tree frog species from Australia and Papua New Guinea also possess pterorhodin and the large melanosome suggesting that tree frogs from the New World and those from Australia are closely related and may have been separated during continental drift [21].

Associations of Papua New Guinea with chemical compounds

• We compared the impact of an annual community-wide single-dose treatment with diethylcarbamazine alone or with ivermectin on rate and intensity of microfilaraemia, and transmission intensity in an area of Papua New Guinea endemic for intense W bancrofti transmission [22].
• 748 children with severe pneumonia in three hospitals in Papua New Guinea were randomised to receive intramuscular injections of either chloramphenicol alone or chloramphenicol plus penicillin [23].
• A double-blind controlled trial of a 14-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was carried out in 11 958 adults at Tari in the Papua New Guinea Highlands [24].
• Slaked lime and betel nut cancer in Papua New Guinea [25].
• In contrast, for the urban group the relation best fitted a quadratic function, with decline in plasma insulin at high levels of glucose. - The prevalence of diabetes in urbanised Melanesians in Papua New Guinea appears similar to other South Pacific countries [26].

Gene context of Papua New Guinea

• Of the four mutations, G6PD Union and G6PD Vanua Lava have a polymorphic frequency in more than one island; and G6PD Vanua Lava has also been detected in a sample from Papua New Guinea [27].
• Previously, we reported an unprecedentedly high frequency of CYP2C19 poor metabolizers (PM) within populations of Vanuatu, which suggested even higher PM frequencies in Papua New Guinea [28].
• A protein AA-variant derived from a novel serum AA protein, SAA1 delta, in an individual from Papua New Guinea [29].
• Antigen and haplotype frequencies at three human leucocyte antigen loci (HLA-A, -B, -C) in the Pawaia of Papua New Guinea [30].
• Serum from patients in Papua New Guinea and Malawi both showed a much higher frequency of SAA2 beta [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Papua New Guinea

• The immunoglobulin G (IgG) positivity rate for the recombinant Rhop-3 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was 30% in an area of Papua New Guinea where malaria is holoendemic [32].
• To study the dynamics of var gene expression, we conducted a 4-month longitudinal study of semi-immune children from Papua New Guinea [33].
• Plasma RBP and TTR were measured by radial immunodiffusion in two groups of patients, i.e., surgical patients with known hepatic VA stores, and a cohort of children residing in a malaria-endemic area of Papua New Guinea who had received placebo or 210 micro mol of VA every 3 mo for 9 mo [34].
• Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria is increasing in prevelance in Papua New Guinea and alternative therapies for acute malaria are being sought [35].
• Using previously described universal PCR primers for the first Duffy binding-like domain (DBLalpha) of var we analysed the DBLalpha repertoires of Dd2 (originally from Thailand) and eight isolates from the Solomon Islands (n=4), Philippines (n=2), Papua New Guinea (n=1) and Africa (n=1) [36].

References