Disease relevance of Ear, External

• Saethre-Chotzen syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by craniosynostosis, ptosis, and limb and external ear abnormalities [1].
• Lenz microphthalmia syndrome is a rare X-linked recessive condition first described by Lenz in 1955 and comprises of anophthalmia, microcephaly, mental retardation, external ear, digital, cardiac, skeletal, and urogenital anomalies [2].
• The goal of this study is to evaluate the expression of p27(Kip1) and Ki-67, a proliferation marker, in cholesteatoma and in the skin of the external ear canal [3].
• Branchio-oto-renal dysplasia in its full expression consists of external ear malformations, cervical fistulas or cysts, preauricular pits, hearing loss of conductive sensorineural or mixed type, and renal anomalies [4].
• Severe hypertrichosis of the external ear canal during minoxidil therapy [5].

High impact information on Ear, External

• Expression of the Hox-7 gene is also seen in the external ear, the forming eye, the nasal pits and forming Jacobson's organs [6].
• In contrast, EGF delayed opening of the external ear canal by approximately 48 h [7].
• Male RTRs were at particular risk of invasive SCC at sun-exposed sites such as the scalp and the external ear [8].
• A subset of stem cells referred to here as ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) has been isolated from the external ears of regenerative (Athymic Nude-nu) and nonregenerative strains of mice [9].
• Immunofluorescence microscopy of the external ear pinna revealed increased CGRP-immunoreactive sensory innervation in estrogen-treated rats, and this was attributable specifically to increased innervation of arterioles [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ear, External

• The immunostaining intensity of filaggrin and involucrin was higher in cholesteatoma than in external ear canal skin [11].
• Stenosis of the external ear canal: prevention using hydroxylated polyvinyl acetal wicks [12].
• These results also demonstrate that direct penetration of the toluene vapors through the external ear structure, as might occur during inhalation exposure, is not a necessary condition for inducing the hearing loss [13].

Biological context of Ear, External

• In summary, these data provide new information on the critical time of EGF response in the rat, the existence of an asymmetric pattern of organ growth retardation following perinatal EGF exposure, and the ability of EGF to retard morphogenesis of the external ear [7].

Anatomical context of Ear, External

• Ultraviolet radiation enhanced the capacity of human sebum, sulphur, cocoa butter, squalene, and coal tar to produce comedones in the external ear canals of rabbits [14].
• Thirty patients requiring external ear canal or middle ear surgery were treated using the Argon laser during the course of the surgical procedure [15].
• However, external ear and temporal bone defects were common to both all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acid [16].
• Immunostaining of involucrin was also made in tympanic membrane and external ear canal skin [17].
• Selected ultrastructural features of chondrocytes and the extracellular matrix in the developing elastic cartilage of the external ear were studied in rat fetuses and young animals [18].

Associations of Ear, External with chemical compounds

• Topical application of HgCl2 in a mixture of acetone-olive oil on the external ear of SJL mice induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in IL-1 activity [19].
• Three concentrations of tetradecane and liquid paraffin were applied daily for 4 weeks to the external ear skin of rabbits, and the average diameter of the follicular lesions was measured under the Leitz MZ surface microscope [20].
• CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial infections of the external ear canal are most often caused by P. aeruginosa [21].
• INTERVENTION: For each subject, one ear was randomly assigned to receive topical ciprofloxacin, placed in the middle and external ear after surgery, while the contralateral ear served as a control [22].
• Anesthesia of the ear canal is produced by injection of lidocaine hydrochloride into the skin of the lateral external ear canal [23].

Gene context of Ear, External

• Where ductal arrangements were present, CK10 was also detected, in analogy with the CK10 registration in ductal portions of mucous glands in the external ear canal skin [24].
• Here we show that gelatinase B (matrix metalloproteinase-9) is over-expressed in cholesteatoma compared to external ear canal skin (EACS) [25].
• The absence of CK8 in mucous glands of the perimatrix, however, strongly differentiates these structures from the mucous gland acini and ducti in the external ear canal, where CK8 is systematically expressed [24].
• Mutations in the BMP-5 gene at the mouse short-ear locus alter size, shape, and number of many different skeletal elements, and greatly reduce the size of the external ear [26].
• With miniature microphones inserted into the external ear canals of a model and the sound source 90 degrees to left of midline, low-pass, and broadband noise bursts were picked up and recorded on magnetic tape [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ear, External

• OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of suitability of flexible composite sheets (hydroxylapatite and polymer) for outer ear canal (OEC) wall reconstruction in tympanoplasty [28].
• The in vitro incorporation rate of 3H cytidine was determined by autoradiography in vital specimens taken from cut wounds in the outer ear of rats and evaluated by means of a Quantimet 920 [29].
• Although the enrofloxacin concentrations in serum and in turbinate bones were greater than the determined minimal inhibitory concentrations, P. multocida could be detected in nasal cavities, turbinates, trachea, middle ear and outer ear of experimentally infected rabbits after treatment [30].
• Using chain-specific monoclonal antibodies and the indirect immunoperoxidase technique, 10 out of 19 CK polypeptides were screened in cryoslices of fresh postmortem eardrums and external ear canal specimens [31].

References