Disease relevance of Selection (Genetics)

• Transferrin and HLA: spontaneous abortion, neural tube defects, and natural selection [1].
• Recent studies have shown that genes controlling brain development - notably those implicated in microcephaly (a congenital defect that is characterized by severely reduced brain size) - are favoured targets of natural selection during human evolution [2].
• Experimental data from Escherichia coli for isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase proofreading valyl-tRNAIle are examined by means of this relationship, and a conjecture concerning the natural selection of accuracy and proofreading costs is put forth and tested [3].
• Selection in context: patterns of natural selection in the glycoprotein 120 region of human immunodeficiency virus 1 within infected individuals [4].
• The extensive recombination which generated the mosaic pattern seen in the pspA locus suggests that natural selection has operated in the history of this gene locus and underscores the likelihood that PspA may be important in the interaction between the pneumococcus and its human host [5].

High impact information on Selection (Genetics)

• Evolution of class-I MHC genes and proteins: from natural selection to thymic selection [6].
• Analysis of genetic variation in a sample of female Australians of Northern European origin showed evidence for Hardy-Weinberg (HW) disequilibrium at polymorphic sites in BRCA1, consistent with the possibility that natural selection is affecting genotype frequencies in modern Europeans [7].
• Intron size and natural selection [8].
• This phenomenon provides a selective explanation for the geographical distribution of Thr-Gly lengths and gives a rare glimpse of the interplay between molecular polymorphism, behavior, population biology, and natural selection [9].
• Natural selection drives recurrent formation of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49 from inhibitory homologues [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Selection (Genetics)

• We isolated spontaneous oxidative-stress-resistant (SpOx) Lactococcus lactis mutants by using a natural selection method with milk-adapted strains on dairy culture medium containing H(2)O(2) [11].
• Design of gene circuitry by natural selection: analysis of the lactose catabolic system in Escherichia coli [12].
• The production of epsilon-pyrromycinone glycosides in Streptomyces galilaeus increased 12-fold, with respect to the wild strain, as a result of a sequential procedure including both natural selection and treatment with mutagens (nitrous acid, UV light and gamma-irradiation) [13].

Biological context of Selection (Genetics)

• These results suggest that the DR7 and DR4 haplotypes may have been derived relatively recently from a common ancestral haplotype and that the DR4 and DR7 beta-chain genes have undergone more rapid diversification in their beta 1 domains, most probably as a result of natural selection, than have the DRw53 beta-chain genes [14].
• Natural selection and molecular evolution in primate PAX9 gene, a major determinant of tooth development [15].
• We analyzed the entire coding region of PTC (1,002 bp) in a sample of 330 chromosomes collected from African (n=62), Asian (n=138), European (n=110), and North American (n=20) populations by use of new statistical tests for natural selection that take into account the potentially confounding effects of human population growth [16].
• DNA sequence variation in a 3.7-kb noncoding sequence 5' of the CYP1A2 gene: implications for human population history and natural selection [17].
• Allele frequency variation at the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) locus in Californian populations of the beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis suggests that PGI may be undergoing natural selection [18].

Anatomical context of Selection (Genetics)

• Molecular cloning of cDNA that encode MHC class I molecules from a New World primate (Saguinus oedipus). Natural selection acts at positions that may affect peptide presentation to T cells [19].
• We examined the genetic diversity and natural selection of a segment of the BIV pol gene amplified from the leukocyte DNA of naturally infected cattle [20].
• Therefore, it seems that natural selection may be the reason for the low implantation rates of human preimplantation embryos in IVF programs [21].

Associations of Selection (Genetics) with chemical compounds

• It appears that in the course of evolution, natural selection has caused the beta-ketoadipate pathway to assume a characteristic set of features or identity in different bacteria [22].
• These results combine to suggest that balancing natural selection has acted to maintain "taster" and "nontaster" alleles at the PTC locus in humans [16].
• If this high rate of synthesis represents the requirement of such animals, mutations that caused a loss of ascorbic-acid-synthesizing ability would be eliminated by natural selection on diets that failed to supply these large quantities [23].
• We have utilized the demographic theory of natural selection developed by Norton and Charlesworth to analyze life history schedules of births and deaths for populations of genotypes in Drosophila pseudoobscura [24].
• At the molecular level, episodic evolution and positive Darwinian natural selection were apparent within the MHV-H2 S and HE glycoprotein genes [25].

Gene context of Selection (Genetics)

• Sequence analysis of the FE65 of mice, non-human primates and man revealed that the susceptibility allele, which codes for strong binding of the FE65 protein with betaPP, was favored by natural selection leading to our lineage [26].
• Reduced nucleotide variability at an androgen-binding protein locus (Abpa) in house mice: evidence for positive natural selection [27].
• Estimates of substitution rates indicate that natural selection elevated rates of nonsynonymous substitution in LMP7 following gene duplication, whereas PSMB5 experienced an increase in substitution rate that was not likely due to diversifying natural selection following duplication [28].
• This implies that natural selection has acted on IL-4 haplotypes differently in different populations [29].
• Conditional haploinsufficiency of NCF1 (encoding p47(phox)), a signaling gene with a heterozygous phenotype potentially subject to natural selection [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Selection (Genetics)

• These studies are very important because the assisted reproduction techniques (mainly intracytoplasmic sperm injection) bypass the natural selection process and some classical chromosomal abnormalities, microdeletions of AZF genes or some deleterious genic mutations could pass through generations [31].

References