Psychiatry related information on 11-Ketotestosterone

• Elevated 11-ketotestosterone during paternal behavior in the Bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli) [1].
• We sampled a potent fish androgen, 11-ketotestosterone (KT), at different life history stages (experienced parenting males, experienced males not actively parenting, inexperienced males with their first clutch, and females), to examine this relationship [1].

High impact information on 11-Ketotestosterone

• Although 11-ketotestosterone, a known initiator of spermatogenesis, also stimulated DNA synthesis in spermatogonia, antibodies against DHP prevented DNA replication when added during the period in which meiosis was initiated [2].
• These results, together with our earlier observations, suggest the following sequence for the hormonal induction of spermatogenesis in eel testes; gonadotropin stimulates the Leydig cells to produce 11-ketotestosterone, which, in turn, activates the Sertoli cells leading to the completion of spermatogenesis [3].
• Addition of 11-ketotestosterone to the culture medium also caused a marked cytological activation of Sertoli cells [3].
• Expression of eSRS21 mRNA was also suppressed in vitro by 11-ketotestosterone, a spermatogenesis-inducing steroid in eel [4].
• Recent research has indicated that gonadotropins, 11-ketotestosterone, and insulin-like growth factor I play roles in spermatogenesis in fish [5].

Biological context of 11-Ketotestosterone

• We now show that implants of 11-ketotestosterone induce increases in LHRH cell number in both primary phase sexes to the level observed in field-collected terminal phase males [6].
• This study aimed to investigate a possible functional relationship between changes in 11KT levels and changes in reproductive behavior during the nesting cycle [7].
• In COS whole cell competitive binding assays, potent androgens such as dihydrotestosterone and 11-ketotestosterone were also shown to be high affinity ligands for the fhAR [8].
• Moreover, in vitro, 11-ketotestosterone and 17beta-oestradiol, the principal fish sexual steroids, regulate the respiratory burst activity of acidophilic granulocytes obtained from the head-kidney (the bone marrow equivalent in fish) and the intracellular accumulation of IL-1beta by these cells [9].
• To determine whether HCG action on down-regulation of eSRS3 and eSRS4 transcription is direct or mediated through 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), a spermatogenesis-inducing steroid in eel, we investigated the effect of HCG and 11-KT on testicular eSRS3 and eSRS4 mRNA transcription in vitro [10].

Anatomical context of 11-Ketotestosterone

• The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of oral administration of aromatase inhibitors on sex change, milt volume, 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and LH in plasma; aromatase activity in gonad, pituitary, and brain in the protandrous fish, black porgy (Acanthopagus schlegeli Bleeker) [11].
• From January 1999 onward, males with low plasma 11-ketotestosterone levels (<1 ng/ml) had low pituitary and plasma FSH levels and no advanced development of germ cells [5].
• In no case was 11KT stimulated by addition of 17OHP or gonadotropin II (GtH II; 400 ng.ml-1); this indicated the absence of contamination by Leydig cells [12].
• A radioimmunoassay for 11-oxotestosterone: its application in the measurement of levels in blood serum of rainbow trout (S. Gairdneri) [13].
• Androgen treatment tended to increase the total cytochrome P-450 content significantly in liver microsomes from 11-oxotestosterone-treated fish [14].

Associations of 11-Ketotestosterone with other chemical compounds

• After 112 and 131 days of feeding, testis weights, concentrations of testosterone, and 11-ketotestosterone were elevated in fish from dietary treatments 2 and 3 in comparison to control and diets 4 and 5 [15].
• Recombinant tFSH beta alpha significantly enhanced 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) and estradiol secretion from tilapia testes and ovaries, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner (similar to tilapia pituitary extract, affinity-purified pituitary FSH, and porcine FSH) [16].
• Because androgen production in juvenile catfish is downregulated by treatment with 11-ketotestosterone, its inhibitory effects on gonadotrophs in gonad-intact males may be due to suppression of Leydig cell testosterone production, which appears to be a limiting factor for the activation of catfish gonadotrophs [17].
• Our previous experiments to study the effect of stress adaptation on pubertal development in carp showed that repeated temperature stress and prolonged feeding with cortisol-containing food pellets, which mimics the endocrine stress effects, retarded the first waves of spermatogenesis and decreased 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) plasma levels [18].
• Observations on cultured renal tissue showed that two androgens, 11-ketotestosterone and methyltestosterone, are also able to stimulate the secretory activity of podocytes and mesangial cells in vitro [19].

Gene context of 11-Ketotestosterone

• Juvenile animals were implanted with Silastic pellets containing different 11-oxygenated androgens (11-ketotestosterone, KT; 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, OHA; 11-ketoandrostenedione, KA), testosterone (T) or estradiol-17 beta (E2) [20].
• No effect was observed with homologous prolactin, human epidermal growth factor, activin A and B, transforming growth factor-beta1, testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, 17beta-estradiol, pregnenolone, 11beta-hydroxyprogesterone, and 22-hydroxycholesterol [21].
• Cytochrome P450 11beta-hydroxylase (P450(11beta)) is a key steroidogenic enzyme in production of 11-ketotestosterone which is the predominant androgen in male fish [22].
• On the other hand, no particular response was found in hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities, hepatic heat-shock protein HSP70 concentrations and plasma sex steroids (estradiol-17beta, 11-ketotestosterone and testosterone) in chubs from any sites [23].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of a nuclear androgen receptor activated by 11-ketotestosterone [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of 11-Ketotestosterone

• Northern blot analysis also revealed that the expression of the eel testis 11beta-HSD2 gene could be induced by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, implying a role of 11beta-HSD2 in hCG-induced 11-ketotestosterone production and spermatogenesis in the Japanese eel [25].
• A radio-gas chromatographic method for the determination of 11-oxotestosterone in fish plasma: its use in confirming estimations by radioimmunoassay [26].
• 11KT and 20betaS levels increased significantly with body size [27].
• Castration removed circulating 11KT, while 11KA replacement prevented the natural decline in 11KT during the parental phase (11KA converts to 11KT extratesticularly), as assessed by radioimmunoassay [7].
• They also had significantly lower amounts of 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT) in the blood plasma than the control group [28].

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