Disease relevance of rhodium

• Preferential inhibition by the rhodium complexes associated with MMR deficiency is seen both in a human colon cancer cell line and in normal mouse fibroblast cells; the inhibition of cellular proliferation depends strictly on the MMR deficiency of the cell [1].
• Both the rhodium and 14C label disappear rapidly from the ascites fluid, with a small but variable amount of each species being incorporated into the tumor cells [2].
• Major groove opening at the HIV-1 Tat binding site of TAR RNA evidenced by a rhodium probe [3].
• Stationary-phase cells of Salmonella typhimurium were irradiated in phosphate-buffered saline in the presence of rhodium complexes to test for the potentiation of radiation-induced cell killing [4].
• Phototoxicity against tumor cells and Sindbis virus by an octahedral rhodium bisbipyridyl complex and evidence for the genome as a target in viral photoinactivation [5].

High impact information on rhodium

• Rhodium (II) butyrate: a potential anticancer drug with cell cycle phase-specific effects in HeLa cells [6].
• Here we describe the application of bulky rhodium intercalators to inhibit cellular proliferation differentially in MMR-deficient cells compared with cells that are MMR-proficient [1].
• Overexpression of the COT1 gene confers increased tolerance to cobalt and rhodium ions but not other divalent cations [7].
• The tissue distribution and excretion of the rhodium (measured by atomic absorption spectrometry) and the acetate (measured by 14C label) were followed at designated time intervals up to 24 hr after injection [2].
• Rhodium(II) acetate, a neutral cage complex, breaks down to rhodium and acetate ionic species within 2 hr after i.p. injection, as measured by the rapid exhalation of 14CO2 [2].

Chemical compound and disease context of rhodium

• Cisplatin and binuclear rhodium (Rh2) carboxylates appear to potentiate radiation-induced killing of Salmonella typhimurium cells largely as a consequence of one-electron reduction that leads to an active radiolytic product [8].
• Contact sensitivity to rhodium and iridium in consecutively patch tested subjects [9].
• To study the visual outcome, local tumour control, and eye preservation 5 years after ruthenium/rhodium 106 brachytherapy for choroidal melanoma [10].

Biological context of rhodium

• Highly selective asymmetric hydrogenation using a three hindered quadrant bisphosphine rhodium catalyst [11].
• Catalytic asymmetric arylative cyclization of alkynals: phosphine-free rhodium/diene complexes as efficient catalysts [12].
• Rhodium chemzymes: Michaelis-Menten kinetics in dirhodium(II) carboxylate-catalyzed carbenoid reactions [13].
• Similar one-pot esterifications and hydrogenations by sol-gel entrapped lipase and heterogenized rhodium complexes were carried out successfully with the saturated nonoic, undecanoic, and lauric acids together with several saturated and unsaturated alcohols [14].
• Optically active, cis-transoid poly(phenylacetylene) derivatives bearing a poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate) [poly(PBGAm)] or poly(L-glutamic acid) [poly(PGAm)] chain as the pendant were prepared by polymerisation of the corresponding macromonomer with a rhodium catalyst followed by hydrolysis of the pendant ester groups [15].

Anatomical context of rhodium

• The sites targeted by the rhodium complex have been mapped on the wild-type Xenopus oocyte RNA, on a truncated RNA representing the arm of the molecule comprised of helix IV-loop E-helix V, and on several single-nucleotide mutants of the 5S rRNA [16].
• Detailed analyses employing R. sphaeroides have shown that HLR to at least one class of these oxyanions, the tellurite class (e.g., tellurate, tellurite, selenate, selenite, and rhodium sesquioxide), occurred via intracellular oxyanion reduction and resulted in deposition of metal in the cytoplasmic membrane [17].
• Despite greatly accelerated ligand exchange, rhodium in 1 and 3 did not show light-enhanced formation of covalent adducts in calf thymus DNA. "Dark binding" levels of 3 in native DNA were slightly higher than for nontargeted 1, but significantly lower than those observed for analogous platinum-acridine [18].
• Different effects of platinum, palladium, and rhodium salts on lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release [19].
• Radiosensitization of CHO cells by two novel rhodium complexes under oxic and hypoxic conditions [20].

Associations of rhodium with other chemical compounds

• Compounds 3a-c were found to have unusual features by NMR spectroscopy: in particular, downfield shifted aryl proton resonances (8.88-9.03 ppm) that were coupled to the rhodium hydride resonances [21].
• Superoxo, peroxo, and hydroperoxo complexes formed from reactions of rhodium porphyrins with dioxygen: thermodynamics and kinetics [22].
• Besides decreasing the extent of cyclohexa-1,3-diene disproportionation at palladium, the combined action of the two metals activates the arene so as to allow the rhodium sites to enter the catalytic cycle and speed up the overall hydrogenation process by rapidly reducing benzene to cyclohexa-1,3-diene [23].
• High Hydride Count Rhodium Octahedra, [Rh(6)(PR(3))(6)H(12)][BAr(F)(4)](2): Synthesis, Structures, and Reversible Hydrogen Uptake under Mild Conditions [24].
• PCP ligand (1,3-bis-[(diisopropyl-phosphanyl)-methyl]-benzene), and PCN ligand ([3-[(di-tert-butyl-phosphanyl)-methyl]-benzyl]-diethyl-amine) based rhodium dinitrogen complexes (1 and 2, respectively) react with phenyl diazomethane at room temperature to give PCP and PCN-Rh carbene complexes (3 and 5, respectively) [25].

Gene context of rhodium

• This paper is concerned with an investigation of electron transfer between cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) and gold nanoparticles immobilised on rhodium-graphite electrodes [26].
• Metal-free, zinc, copper, and rhodium analogues of vitamin B12 were synthesized to further characterize structural requirements for the binding to human intrinsic factor, transcobalamin I, and transcobalamin II [27].
• Thermodynamic and kinetic data for adduct formation, cis-trans isomerization and redox reactions of ML4 complexes: a case study with rhodium- and iridium-tropp complexes in d8, d9 and d10 valence electron configurations (tropp=dibenzotropylidene phosphanes) [28].
• The crystal structures of 6+ PF6- and 12+ PF6- are compared to those of 3 and 9, and other rhodium complexes of chelating bis(diphenylphosphines) [29].
• [reaction: see text] Rhodium and copper acyl nitrenoids are likely intermediates in amidoglycosylation reactions of allal 3-carbamates [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of rhodium

• Both the entrapped lipase and the immobilized rhodium catalysts can be recovered simply by filtration and recycled in further runs without loss of catalytic activity [14].
• Immobilization of rhodium complexes at thiolate monolayers on gold surfaces: catalytic and structural studies [31].
• This ultrastructural pattern, mimicked to some extent, that observed following electrical stimulation of brain following chronically implanted platinum and rhodium electrodes [32].
• Normalized average glandular dose in molybdenum target-rhodium filter and rhodium target-rhodium filter mammography [33].
• Nonlinear optical measurements reveal a larger nonlinear refractive index (-5.83 x 10(-8)cm(2)W(-1)) and figure of merit (2.28 x 10(-8)cm(3)W(-1)) for the rhodium smaragdyrin-ferrocene conjugate 19 than for the others, suggesting its possible application in optical devices [34].

References