Disease relevance of vinyl acetate

• Metastasis occurred in about 30% (G3.12) and 50% (G3.12/BM2) of implants with vasculature induced by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer alone [1].
• Hemolysis was 0.61 +/- 0.23 and 0.54 +/- 0.16% for EVA LR and NLR units, and 0.47 +/- 0.14 and 0.43 +/- 0.12% for PVC LR and NLR units [2].
• In the present study, dexamethasone was incorporated into ethylene-vinyl acetate polymers, which were then implanted adjacent to a 9L gliosarcoma in the brain of Fischer 344 rats [3].
• The chickens were implanted at 6 wk of age with ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers containing steroids equivalent to a weekly dose of 10 mg/kg body weight for 3 consecutive wk [4].
• Cultured human enterocytes (human colorectal carcinoma cell line [Caco-2 cells]) had a higher lipid-normalized fugacity capacity than EVA film, but the elimination rate constants were the same, suggesting that the rate was controlled by the resistance of the unstirred aqueous layer at the membrane-water interface [5].

High impact information on vinyl acetate

• A novel chemical sensor has been developed in which the polymer ethylene-vinyl acetate is used as a controlled-release system to deliver reagents to the sensing region of an optical fiber for a homogeneous competitive immunoassay based on fluorescence energy transfer [6].
• In the present study, inhibition of the calcification of bioprosthetic heart valve cusps implanted subcutaneously in rats was achieved through the adjacent implantation of controlled-release matrices containing the anticalcification agent ethanehydroxydiphosphonate dispersed in a copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate [7].
• We entrapped these migratory LCs by subcutaneous implantation of ethylene-vinyl-acetate (EVA) polymer rods releasing macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3beta (to create an artificial gradient of an LC-attracting chemokine) and topical application of hapten (to trigger LC emigration from epidermis) [8].
• Intracerebral microdialysis was used to evaluate the long-term in vivo release of dopamine from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAc)-dopamine copolymer matrix discs for up to 65 days following striatal implantation [9].
• RESULTS: Postdeglycerolization in vitro RBC mass recoveries (mean +/- SD) were 96.8 +/- 5.7 and 94.7 +/- 5.6% for EVA LR and NLR units, respectively, and 97.3 +/- 6.2 and 94.7 +/- 6.2% for PVC LR and NLR units, based on unit weight and hematocrit after sampling for in vitro testing, immediately before glycerolization [2].

Biological context of vinyl acetate

• We have characterized the effects of four types of plastic polymer containers--polyvinyl chloride (PL-146), bioriented-biaxial polyolefin, ethylene-vinyl acetate, and polypropylene--on the in vitro recovery, viability, membrane integrity, and phagocytosis of human granulocytes (PMNL) [10].
• The bioavailability of theophylline microcapsules prepared by using ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer as a coacervation-inducing agent was studied in rats [11].
• Measurement of the release kinetics of dexamethasone from the ethylene-vinyl acetate polymers in an in vitro system showed that the drug was released in a controlled, tapering fashion [3].
• The surface characteristics of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) were modified by argon, air, and oxygen plasma at atmospheric pressure [12].
• To enhance transdermal delivery of atenolol, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix of drug containing penetration enhancer was fabricated [13].

Anatomical context of vinyl acetate

• We manipulated the development of these currents in vivo by implanting a drug-infused slice of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer Elvax over the superior colliculus of P8 rats to chronically release from this plastic low levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) [14].
• Using computer-assisted epifluorescence microscopy, we have examined the local distribution of fluorescently labelled macromolecules released from an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer matrix into unstirred layers of phosphate-buffered water and mid-cycle human cervical mucus [15].
• In the present study, we investigated the effect of dms released from ethylene vinyl acetate (EVAc) rods placed in acrylic copolymer capsules and implanted in the peritoneal cavity of rats [16].
• When implanted intraperitoneally into rats, polymer capsules containing EVAc/dms rods generated a tissue reaction that was significantly thinner and featured fewer fibroblast and collagen layers than that around capsules containing pure EVAc rods at all time points studied [16].
• The purpose of this work was (1) to develop extrudable ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer delivery systems capable of sustained release of bioactive proteins and (2) to determine the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) and/or transforming growth factor-beta2 (TGF-beta2) on human osteoblast proliferation and differentiation [17].

Associations of vinyl acetate with other chemical compounds

• In vitro the release of dms from EVAc rods was quasilinear for 5 weeks [16].
• A type of esophageal stent coating was investigated, which consists of one 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-containing ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer layer and one drug-free EVA protective layer [18].
• Latex rubber was a popular material used in early mouthguards but it has lower shock absorbency, lower hardness and less tear and tensile strength than EVA or polyurethane [19].
• The present study investigates calibration models for the vinyl acetate (VA) concentration in ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers and its on-line monitoring by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and chemometrics [20].
• The intactness was rather surprising in regard to the infrared spectrum and viscosity of PU and EVA, because they were supposed to be more biodegradable [21].

Gene context of vinyl acetate

• We sought to investigate this issue by implanting ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer pellets that slowly release VEGF into the vitreous cavity of rabbits and primates [22].
• Ethylene-vinyl-acetate copolymer slow-release pellets containing either 250 ng, 500 ng or 1 microgram of hEGF or 250 ng of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were implanted into rabbit corneal stroma, and the corneas were examined by slitlamp biomicroscope for 3 weeks [23].
• Continuous local application of exogenous IGF-I to the mouse cerebellum by means of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (Elvax) significantly increased the degree of multiple CF innervation, when the IGF-I containing Elvax was implanted at postnatal day 8 (P8) [24].
• CONCLUSION: With processing on the ACP 215 system, CPD/AS-5 LR and NLR thawed RBC units can be stored for up to 14 days after frozen storage at -65 degrees C or colder in EVA or PVC bags with acceptable in vivo and in vitro RBC quality [2].
• The migration of active ingredients (AI) from conventional wettable powder formulations was complete within 1 day, while the migration from ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymeric matrix (EVA) lasted significantly longer due to low diffusion coefficients of monomeric pesticides in polymeric matrices Do = 10(-8)-10(-12) (cm2 X sec-1) [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of vinyl acetate

• We loaded camptothecin into a controlled-release polymer (ethylene-vinyl acetate co-polymer; EVAc) and showed by high-pressure liquid chromatography that controlled release occurred over at least 21 days [26].
• Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer microspheres for controlled release of macromolecules [27].
• Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVAc), a biocompatible copolymer, has been employed as the rate-controlling membrane in several drug delivery systems [28].
• Control of n-alkanes crystallization by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers [29].
• Clinical acceptability of an ethylene-vinyl-acetate nonmedicated vaginal ring [30].

References