Disease relevance of ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

• Letter: Aspirin and myocardial infarction [1].
• Absence of MHC class II molecules reduces CNS demyelination, microglial/macrophage infiltration, and twitching in murine globoid cell leukodystrophy [2].
• The twitcher mouse is a mutant affected by a form of leukodystrophy which shows close similarities to human globoid cell (Krabbe's) leukodystrophy [3].
• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been reported to protect against the development of colorectal cancer [4].
• Two doses (3.5 and 10 mg/kg body-weight) of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) were given before and during the diet [5].

Psychiatry related information on ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

• We examined the effectiveness of acetylsalicylate and rofecoxib as treatments for the R6/2 and N171-82Q transgenic mouse models of Huntington's disease [6].
• Biochemical, genetic, psychometric, and neuropsychological studies in heterozygotes of a family with globoid cell leucodystrophy (Krabbe's disease) [7].
• CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin and B-vitamins were effective in reducing biochemical factors associated with cognitive impairment in people at risk of dementia [8].
• CONCLUSION: Aspirin might protect against Alzheimer's disease, but controlled trials are warranted [9].
• In addition, no electroshock treatment was necessary, nor were any other narcotic or other drug substituted for the Percodan [10].

High impact information on ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

• BACKGROUND: Globoid-cell leukodystrophy is caused by a deficiency of galactocerebrosidase, which results in progressive central nervous system deterioration [11].
• Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in globoid-cell leukodystrophy [11].
• Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a severe genetic demyelinating disorder with an increased number of Ia (immune response antigen) positive brain microglia/macrophages [2].
• Letter: Aspirin and lymphocyte transformation [12].
• Twitcher peripheral nerves transplanted into normal hosts show, after 2 months, all the characteristics associated with globoid-cell leukodystrophy [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

• Lysine acetylsalicylate did not cause the appearance of renal insufficiency in any of these patients [14].
• In the present research both lysine acetylsalicylate and sodium salicylate inhibited edema, induced in the mouse ear by topical application of picryl chloride, when injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle [15].
• That a similar "dynamic" thrombotic process occurs during the early phase of acute myocardial infarction is suggested by thromboxane metabolite measurements and by the results of the ISIS-2 trial showing a similar impact of short-term Aspirin therapy to that seen in unstable angina [16].
• Topically applied acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), salicylic acid (SA) and indomethacin were tested in an experimental pain model that provides direct nociceptor excitation through cutaneous tissue acidosis [17].
• 1. Psychosine (beta-galactosylsphingosine) is the toxic agent in Krabbe's disease (globoid cells leukodystrophy) [18].

Biological context of ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

• ASA taken before the diet prolonged bleeding time by as much as did the diet itself [5].
• In 8 patients (group 1), the renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were serially measured before and during three 30-min periods after the i.v. administration of lysine acetylsalicylate (450 mg) [14].
• Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is characterized histopathologically by apoptosis of oligodendrocytes, progressive demyelination, and the existence of large, multinuclear (globoid) cells derived from perivascular microglia [19].
• In experimental globoid cell dystrophy T-cell independent induction of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules on microglia accelerates demyelination [20].
• Acetylsalicylate, but not NFkappaB SN50, prevented FA effects on phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity and protein kinase B phosphorylation [21].

Anatomical context of ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

• After longer periods of time, however, pathological changes within the grafts appear considerably improved with only occasional evidence of myelin loss, little endoneurial oedema and few globoid cells [13].
• Histologically, a gradual disappearance of globoid cells, the histological hallmark of Krabbe's disease, and the appearance of foamy macrophages capable of metabolizing the storage product were seen in the CNS [22].
• CONCLUSION: Aspirin use among patients undergoing stress echocardiography was independently associated with reduced long-term all-cause mortality, particularly among older patients, those with known coronary artery disease, and those with impaired exercise capacity [23].
• BACKGROUND: Aspirin products are known to cause irritation and injury to the gastric mucosa [24].
• Study of isolated mitochondria confirmed that acetylsalicylate itself did not significantly affect mitochondrial respiration, respiratory control ratio, or ADP:O ratio [25].

Associations of ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID with other chemical compounds

• These observations could account for the formation of multinuclear globoid cells in the brains of patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy, a neurological disorder characterized by the accumulation of psychosine due to galactosylceramidase deficiency [26].
• Trapidil (triazolopyrimidine), a platelet-derived growth factor antagonist, reduces restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Results of the randomized, double-blind STARC study. Studio Trapidil versus Aspirin nella Restenosi Coronarica [27].
• In addition, we found intense expression of the estrogen receptors (ER alpha and ER beta) on the globoid cells, activated astrocytes and microglia in the demyelinating area of saposin A(-/-) mice [28].
• With our own assay system, hepatic lactosylceramide beta-galactosidase appeared deficient only in Gm1-gangliosidosis, while it appeared deficient only in globoid cell leukodystrophy when the assay system of Wenger et al [29].
• The substrate of uricase, uric acid, is an efficient antagonist of DNA binding, reducing HucR-DNA complex formation to 50% at 0.26 mM ligand, compared with 5.2 and 46 mM for the aromatic compounds salicylate and acetylsalicylate, respectively [30].

Gene context of ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

• BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Aspirin exerts antitumor effect partly through blocking tumor promoter-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation [31].
• Since salicylates have been reported to inhibit NF-kappa B activation by preventing the degradation of its inhibitor I kappa B, we studied a potential inhibition of this pathway by acetylsalicylate (aspirin) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) [32].
• Galactocerebrosidase (GALC) activity is deficient in all patients with globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) [33].
• A mutation in the saposin A domain of the sphingolipid activator protein (prosaposin) gene results in a late-onset, chronic form of globoid cell leukodystrophy in the mouse [34].
• The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was found to be markedly enhanced immunohistochemically and biochemically both in the central (CNS) and peripheral (PNS) nervous systems of the twitcher mutant, an authentic murine model of human globoid cell leukodystrophy [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID

• RESULTS: Aspirin was used frequently both during hospitalization (86.2% [82.6%-90.1%]) and at discharge (77.8% [72.5% -83.9%]) [36].
• Highly buffered acetylsalicylate was used to treat diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal side-effects of radiotherapy in 28 women who were receiving treatment for uterine cancer [37].
• INTERVENTION: Aspirin therapy in patients screened with sigmoidoscopy every 5 years and fecal occult blood testing every year (FS/FOBT) or colonoscopy every 10 years (COLO) [38].
• CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin enhances the benefit of late coronary artery reperfusion on infarct shape after 8 hours of coronary occlusion [39].
• Hematopoietic cell transplantation in murine globoid cell leukodystrophy (the twitcher mouse): effects on levels of galactosylceramidase, psychosine, and galactocerebrosides [40].

References