Disease relevance of Cerebral Ventricles

• We found that the vasopressin response to hypovolemia was inhibited by injection of diprenorphine into the cerebral ventricles at a dose too low to be effective when given subcutaneously [1].
• BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Injection of arginine vasopressin into the cerebral ventricles in animals with brain injury increased brain water, whereas injection of atrial natriuretic peptide reduced water content [2].
• We previously reported that the injection of neostigmine, an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, into the third cerebral ventricle of fasted rats produced hyperglycemia associated with the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine [3].
• In anaesthetised rats, domperidone (50 and 20 micrograms.kg-1) given via a lateral cerebral ventricle abolished the bromocriptine induced tachycardia without affecting the hypotensive response [4].
• Administration of another PG synthetase inhibitor, meclofenamate (100 micrograms, into the lateral cerebral ventricle), resulted in a significant attenuation of the AVP response to both the osmotic stimulus and hemorrhage [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cerebral Ventricles

• Because Alzheimer's disease impairs memory, and infusion of amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide (1-40) into the rat cerebral ventricle reduces learning ability, we investigated the effect of dietary pre-administration of docosahexaenoic acid on avoidance learning ability in Abeta peptide-produced Alzheimer's disease model rats [6].
• Dopamine, infused into the hypothalamus or injected into the 3rd cerebral ventricle of chickens pretreated with mebanazine, induced behavioural and electrocortical sleep, suppressed motor activity and lowered body temperature and CO2 elimination, effects prevented by phenoxybenzamine but not spiperone [7].
• When microinjected into the third cerebral ventricle, nicotine (100-200 micrograms) similarly increased cardiac and respiratory rates and pupillary diameter; and produced behavioral restlessness, emesis, erratic analgesia and maintained wakefulness and a desynchronized EEG [8].
• Optic atrophy and dilation of the cerebral cerebral ventricles associated with blindness, microcephaly, and mental retardation have been reported following second and third trimester exposure [9].
• The effects of intraventricular injection of Sar1-Ala8-angiotensin II (A specific antagonist of angiotensin II) on the plasma vasopressin level increased by intraventricular injection of angiotensin II and by water deprivation (46 h) were examined in conscious male rats with an indwelling cannula in the third cerebral ventricle [10].

High impact information on Cerebral Ventricles

• The infusion of either insulin or a small-molecule insulin mimetic in the third cerebral ventricle suppressed glucose production independent of circulating levels of insulin and of other glucoregulatory hormones [11].
• Injection of angiotensin II (AII) into the cerebral ventricles at doses as low as 1 pmol h-1 results in a marked stimulation of salt and water ingestion in the rat [12].
• The satiety produced by introduction of food into the intestine can be mimicked by systemic injections of CCK and its analogues-these hormones are also effective when injected into the hypothalamus and the cerebral ventricle [13].
• This observation supports recent reports of elevated concentrations of norepinephrine in specific brain areas adjacent to the cerebral ventricles of paranoid schizophrenic patients [14].
• Cholecystokinin octapeptide: continuous picomole injections into the cerebral ventricles of sheep suppress feeding [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cerebral Ventricles

• The effect of subarachnoid hemorrhage on serotonin (5-HT) innervation of the cerebral ventricles and on 5-HT neurons in the ventral surface of the brain stem was studied immunohistochemically in the rat [16].
• 5 It is suggested that dopamine injected into the cerebral ventricles of the unanesthetized dog causes hypertension and tachycardia by activating central dopamine receptors [17].
• The predominantly selective muscarinic M1 antagonist, pirenzepine as well as the mixed muscarinic M1 and M2 antagonist, atropine, injected into the cerebral ventricles, attenuated or abolished the emesis evoked by intracerebroventricular McN-A-343 [18].
• Rats, that had catheters previously inserted into the lateral cerebral ventricle and femoral artery, received diltiazem, 10 or 50 micrograms/kg or the diluent, into the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.). Epinephrine was infused to produce arrhythmias [19].
• Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (1.5 and 3 mg total dose) into the fourth cerebral ventricle reduced the reflex bradycardia [20].

Biological context of Cerebral Ventricles

• Cholecystokinin octapeptide decreased food intake in a dose-related manner when injected continuously into the lateral cerebral ventricles of sheep that had been deprived of food for 2, 4, 8, or 24 hours [15].
• Osmotic minipumps were implanted chronically for continuous 11-d infusion of hypertonic sodium chloride (NaCl) into the third cerebral ventricle (ICV) of awake rats to determine whether baroreflex sensitivity would be altered [21].
• Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) administered into the lateral cerebral ventricle significantly inhibited gastric emptying and small bowel transit, but most markedly increased large bowel transit in a dose-related fashion in freely moving rats [22].
• The infusion of leptin in the third cerebral ventricle markedly inhibited glucose production in rats fed a high-fat diet mainly by decreasing glycogenolysis [23].
• Acute insulin infusion in the third cerebral ventricle inhibits endogenous glucose production (GP), whereas acute leptin infusion stimulates gluconeogenesis but does not alter GP because of a compensatory decrease in glycogenolysis [24].

Anatomical context of Cerebral Ventricles

• CRF microinjected into the third cerebral ventricle decreased pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion for 3 h (P less than 0.01) dose-dependently (0.2-6.0 nmol X kg-1) [25].
• The cardiovascular effects of arginine vasopressin (AVP) administered into a lateral cerebral ventricle or into the cisterna magna were investigated in conscious Long Evans (control) rats and AVP-deficient Brattleboro rats [26].
• Similarly, ICI 118,551 administered into the lateral hypothalamus or lateral cerebral ventricle, or guanabenz (alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist) given into the posterior hypothalamus, had no effects on the renal or mean arterial pressure responses to air stress [27].
• The immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin, produced by coupling the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin to the monoclonal 192 IgG antibody against the low-affinity p75 NGF receptor (NGFr), was injected into the cerebral ventricle, septal area, and substantia innominata of adult rats [28].
• In the embryonic brain, migrating PDGF-alpha R+ cells appear to originate in a localized germinal zone in the ventral diencephalon (beneath the foramen of Monro) [29].

Associations of Cerebral Ventricles with chemical compounds

• Tetrahydropapaveroline (THP), a dopamine-dopaldehyde condensation product, was delivered directly into the cerebral ventricle of rats automatically every 15 minutes for 12 days [30].
• Stimulation of the region antero-ventral to the third cerebral ventricle (AV3V) by a cholinergic drug, carbachol, and lesions of the AV3V have been demonstrated in previous studies to either augment or decrease sodium excretion, respectively [31].
• To evaluate a possible physiological role of endogenous substance P (SP) in the control of growth hormone (GH; somatotropin) secretion, a specific antiserum against SP (anti-SP) was injected intraventricularly (3 microliters into the third cerebral ventricle) in unanesthetized unrestrained normal male rats [32].
• We injected recombinant human IL-1 alpha into the third cerebral ventricle, to study its effect on the pulsatile release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in conscious, freely moving, ovariectomized rats [33].
• Oxytocin (OXT) and [pGlu4,Cyt6]OXT-(4-8) have the opposite effect and attenuate passive avoidance behavior also when administered into the cerebral ventricle after the learning trial [34].

Gene context of Cerebral Ventricles

• Injection of 60 fmol of gamma-MSH into the lateral cerebral ventricle of hypertensive mice also lowered MAP to normal [35].
• The anxiety-like behavior of transgenic mice was reversed, at least in part, by administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) antagonists, alpha-helical CRF9-41, into the third cerebral ventricle [36].
• Consistent with previous protein expression data, COMT mRNA was abundant in ependymal cells lining the cerebral ventricles [37].
• Deletion including the oligophrenin-1 gene associated with enlarged cerebral ventricles, cerebellar hypoplasia, seizures and ataxia [38].
• Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a potent regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and reduces food intake when administered into the third cerebral ventricle (i3vt) [39].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cerebral Ventricles

• In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies revealed that cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and its protein were induced by lipopolysaccharide in blood vessels near the cerebral ventricles and in those in the subarachnoidal space [40].
• Transplantation of fetal rat islets into the cerebral ventricles of alloxan-diabetic rats. Amelioration of diabetes by syngeneic but not allogeneic islets [41].
• The mechanism by which intracerebroventricularly administered aldosterone increases arterial pressure was investigated in trained, conscious dogs with cannulas chronically implanted in a lateral cerebral ventricle [42].
• The effect of perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with artificial cerebrospinal fluid containing carbachol on the blood flow in the caudate nucleus of the cat and the possibility to inhibit this effect by anticholinergic drugs was studied by means of the hydrogen clearance technique [43].
• 1. The effects of microinjection of prostaglandin D2, E2 and F2 alpha and of endogenous pyrogen on the rectal temperature of rabbits were extensively examined in sixty-eight brain regions and in the third cerebral ventricle [44].

References