Disease relevance of Uterine Neoplasms

• RESULTS: At 10 years of follow-up, the sum of avoided deaths (contralateral breast cancer, cardiovascular events) and excess deaths (uterine cancer, thromboembolic episodes) resulted in an overall (net) mortality reduction because of tamoxifen use, with 3 to 41 avoided deaths per 1,000 tamoxifen-treated patients who were 50 to 80 years of age [1].
• Expression of two members of this family, MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1, has been described in melanomas, germ cell tumors, certain carcinomas and sarcomas, and more recently in uterine neoplasms [2].
• Relative risk was highest in renal cancer, followed by thyroid cancer, malignant lymphoma and uterine cancer [3].
• Melanomas were linked with anovulatory problems, whereas uterine cancers predominated among patients with tubal disorders [4].
• During this phase I study of 22 patients (18 evaluable), we observed partial responses (PRs) in 4 patients, 1 each with uterine cancer and SCLC, and 2 with squamous cell lung cancers [5].

High impact information on Uterine Neoplasms

• Four tamoxifen-treated women died of uterine cancer [6].
• Analysis of cancer incidence within 12 months of exposure to fertility drugs with IVF showed that incidence was significantly higher than expected for breast and uterine cancer (1.96 [1.22-3.15] and 4.96 [1.24-19.8]) [7].
• Long-term data on the effects of raloxifene in reduction of risk for fracture; prevention of cardiovascular events; cognitive function; and the incidence of breast, ovarian, and uterine cancer are not available [8].
• PTEN is a tumor suppressor frequently inactivated in brain, prostate, and uterine cancers that acts as a phosphatase on phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate, antagonizing the activity of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-OH kinase [9].
• Mutations in the BRCA1-associated RING domain (BARD1) gene in primary breast, ovarian and uterine cancers [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Uterine Neoplasms

• The nuclear receptor for the female hormone progesterone (PR) is widely expressed in uterine cancer [11].
• Estrogen has many beneficial cardiovascular actions although concerns have been raised about its effects on the progression of breast and uterine neoplasms and its tendency to increase coagulability [12].
• From 1970 through 1986, 219 women received postoperative pelvic external beam therapy and vaginal radium or cesium for uterine cancer [13].
• Clomiphene may increase uterine cancer risk, with higher doses leading to higher risk [14].
• OBJECTIVE: EM-652 is a pure antiestrogen in human breast and uterine cancer cells that also reduces bone loss and plasma lipid levels in the rat [15].

Biological context of Uterine Neoplasms

• Frequent occurrence of p53 gene mutations in uterine cancers at advanced clinical stage and with aggressive histological phenotypes [16].
• The clinical and pathological significance of mutation of the p53 tumor-suppressor gene was examined in 108 cases of primary uterine cancers using single-strand conformation polymorphism and direct DNA sequencing analyses [16].
• It is of interest that smoking is associated with a decreased incidence of uterine fibroids, endometriosis and uterine cancer, which may reflect inhibitory effects of smoke constituents on uterine cell proliferation and extracellular matrix interactions [17].
• Women at risk of uterine cancer include those with one or more of the following characteristics: obesity, nulliparity, late menopause, diabetes mellitus, prolonged unopposed estrogen use, and tamoxifen therapy [18].

Anatomical context of Uterine Neoplasms

• A splice variant of Skp2 is retained in the cytoplasm and fails to direct cyclin D1 ubiquitination in the uterine cancer cell line SK-UT [19].
• The ability to distinguish differential, compartmentalized effects for agonists of estrogen action in the uterus will allow a better risk assessment for new pharmaceuticals that are used as breast cancer chemotherapeutic agents, especially where their use may also be associated with an increased risk of uterine cancers, in particular [20].
• A 52-year-old woman with stage IIIC ovarian cancer and stage IA uterine cancer experienced recurring alopecia areata of her eyebrows, eyelashes, arms, legs, and pubic area beginning 5 months after completing chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin [21].
• In the normal cultures, the number of telomeric associations observed was 95.5 times higher in individuals affected by breast cancer and 41.3 times higher in those affected by cervix uterine cancer when compared to the control group (p < 0.001) [22].
• The substance(s) present in the uterine cancer extracts may activate endometrial fibroblasts proliferation through the transmembrane signaling mechanisms other than phosphoinositide turnover [23].

Gene context of Uterine Neoplasms

• Age related risks for colorectal and uterine cancer were similar for MSH2 and MLH1 mutations [24].
• In contrast, HLA-G immunoreactivity was not detected in 34 nontrophoblastic uterine neoplasms [25].
• OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of Akt activity and specific isoforms (Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3) in the resistance of human uterine cancer cells to cisplatin [26].
• Proliferating cells of the uterus had very few mitotic figures for their high cellularity, and the labeling indices of Ki-67 and PCNA indicated very low levels in both uterine neoplasm and pulmonary nodules [27].
• Isoenzymes of hexokinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and lactate dehydrogenase in uterine cancer [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Uterine Neoplasms

• Even though progestin is commonly added to many chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of uterine cancers, its role is still unproven [29].
• Large clinical trials have pointed out that long-term tamoxifen therapy increases the risk of uterine cancers [30].
• Epidemiologic studies have shown that women with a higher dietary intake of phytoestrogens, plant-derived compounds with partial estrogen agonist properties, have a lower incidence of cardiovascular disease and breast and uterine cancer than women with a lower dietary intake of these substances [31].
• Effect control of HDR afterloading radiation in uterine cancer by NMR imaging with and without GD-DTPA [32].
• CONCLUSIONS: Image-based brachytherapy based on individualized dose specification at specific anatomical sites can be done easily and provides excellent local control for inoperable uterine cancer [33].

References