The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 
Chemical Compound Review

Aminoformate     carbamic acid

Synonyms: Carbamidsaeure, CARBAMIC ACID, CHEMBL125278, AG-F-59483, CHEBI:28616, ...
 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of carbon dioxide

  • Whereas the central core of dermaseptin (residues 10-19) was virtually inactive, alteration of the COOH-terminal carboxylic group of dermaseptin-(1-18) to a carboxamide yielded a peptide exhibiting enhanced antimicrobial potency, yet displaying even less in vitro toxicity compared with dermaseptin [1].
  • In contrast, the E. coli enzyme was a nonselective enzyme that accommodated substrates without specifically recognizing the C-terminal carboxy group of the Cys-Gly moiety of gamma-glutamyl compounds or the acceptor molecules [2].
  • Penicillin acylase (PA) from Kluyvera citrophila was inhibited by N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), a specific carboxy-group-reactive reagent [3].
  • Antiamoebic and toxicity studies of a carbamic acid derivative and its therapeutic effect in a hamster model of hepatic amoebiasis [4].
  • The mechanism through which the C-17(3) carboxy group of bacteriochlorophyllide a is esterified to produce bacteriochlorophyll aphytyl of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides and bacteriochlorophyll ageranylgeranyl of Rhodospirillum rubrum was studied by using 5-aminolaevulinate labelled with 18O at its C-1 carboxy oxygen atoms [5].
 

High impact information on carbon dioxide

  • The nonamidated carboxylic group at the C terminus was proven by synthesis of amidated and nonamidated hGal and by mass spectrometry after selective methylation of all free carboxylic groups [6].
  • The data are compatible with a model in which the conductive path of the channel contains a functional arginine, possibly forming a salt bridge with a carboxylic group, which is involved in Na+ translocation and amiloride binding [7].
  • In N protein, as well as in oxidized insulin B chain and glucagon, Lon protease preferentially cut at bonds at which the carboxy group was contributed by an amino acid with an aliphatic side chain (leucine or alanine) [8].
  • Introduction of a methyl ester or decarboxylation of the C-terminal carboxy group was achieved with an intein-based protein expression system and an elongation rate assay was developed to test the effects of the modifications [9].
  • The C-terminal carboxy group of T7 RNA polymerase ensures efficient magnesium ion-dependent catalysis [9].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of carbon dioxide

 

Biological context of carbon dioxide

  • Modification with 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide (EDAC) confirmed this view, and analysis of the order of reaction and inactivation kinetics suggested the presence of a single carboxy group at a catalytic centre of the active site [13].
  • Enzyme-catalysed exchange of label into the terminal carboxy group was found to occur in some cases without hydrolysis of a peptide bond [14].
  • This is concluded to arise from inadvertent methyl esterification of the C-terminal carboxy group [15].
  • Using a combination of solid-phase and solution methods, we synthesized a series of cyclic [Leu5]enkephalin analogues by substitution of D-alpha, omega-diamino acids in position 2 of the enkephalin sequence and cyclization of the omega-amino group to the C-terminal carboxy group of leucine [16].
  • The structure-activity relationships indicated that both a free thiol and free amino group were required for peroxidase-oxidase activity, and also that a free carboxy group abolished activity [17].
 

Anatomical context of carbon dioxide

  • The physiological role of protein carboxy-group methylation reactions in human erythrocytes was studied with calmodulin as an endogenous methyl-group acceptor [18].
  • Cross-linking of the rigor complex between filamentous actin and skeletal-muscle myosin subfragment 1 was accomplished by the carboxy-group-directed zero-length protein cross-linker, 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodi-imide [19].
  • The chemically related compound carbamic acid, [1-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-1-methyl-2-oxo-2-[(1-phenylethyl)amino]et hyl ]-, 2-benzofuranylmethyl ester, [R-(R*,S*)] (CI-1021) is also a selective NK1 receptor antagonist but can penetrate into the central nervous system [20].
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the new anticonvulsant drug N-(2-amino-4-[fluorobenzylaminol-phenyl) carbamic acid ethyl ester (retigabine, D-23129, ASTA Medica, Dresden, Germany) on different patterns of epileptiform activity induced by 4-aminopyridine (4AP) in rat entorhinal cortex hippocampal slices [21].
  • The phase preferences of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (EYPC) have been examined in the presence of tertiary amine anesthetics [2-(propyloxy)phenyl]-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl ester of carbamic acid (C3A) and [2-(heptyloxy)phenyl]-2-(1-piperidinyl)ethyl ester of carbamic acid (C7A, heptacaine) [22].
 

Associations of carbon dioxide with other chemical compounds

  • 1. It is concluded that the active cysteine beta-lactamase has four functional groups at the active site, one nucleophilic thiolate of Cys-70, one neutral acid (most probably the carboxy group of Glu-166, from the crystal structures) and two cationic residues (most probably Lys-73 and Lys-234) [23].
  • The pH-dependence of 4'-methylumbelliferyl beta-cellotrioside hydrolysis indicates the presence of a protonated group with a pK 5.5 in the reaction mechanism, and the possible involvement of a carboxy group is corroborated by a temperature study (delta Hion = -15.9 J/mol) [24].
  • We demonstrate that compounds that have two hydroxyl groups para and ortho to the carboxylic group and a carboxylic group at a distance of two carbons from the phenol ring inhibit heparanase activity and SMC proliferation, as well as induced an almost complete release of bFGF from ECM [25].
  • The new L-amino acid analogues bearing an additional nitro, amino, hydroxy, methoxy or carboxy group at the 3'-position of the phenol ring of tyrosine were prepared in an orthogonally protected form suitable for solid-phase peptide synthesis using Fmoc protocols [26].
  • Thus, in the human enzyme, a specific residue in the Cys-Gly binding site played a critical role in recognizing the Cys-Gly moiety or the acceptor molecules by interacting with the C-terminal carboxy group, whereas the Cys side chain and the Cys-Gly amide bond were not recognized significantly [2].
 

Gene context of carbon dioxide

  • We found that this additional carboxylic group on glutamate prevents its interaction with group-I mGlu receptors and generates a potent group-II antagonist (K(B) = 55 microM on mGlu2) [27].
  • In the reverse orientation, which is the major binding mode of T4Ac, the ligand is bound deep in the TTR channel, with the carboxylic group bound in the P3' pocket and forming simultaneous polar interactions with the residues constituting the two hormone-binding sites [28].
  • The structural requirements to the PAT2 substrates - when considering both low and high affinity type substrates - are similar to those reported for the PAT1 protein with the essential features of a free carboxy group and a small side chain [29].
  • These results demonstrate that the addition of a third carboxylic group to ACPD can change its activity (from agonist to antagonist) and either increase or decrease its selectivity and/or affinity for the various mGluR subtypes [30].
  • Tandem mass spectrometric data-FAAH inhibitory activity relationships of some carbamic acid O-aryl esters [31].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of carbon dioxide

References

  1. The NH2-terminal alpha-helical domain 1-18 of dermaseptin is responsible for antimicrobial activity. Mor, A., Nicolas, P. J. Biol. Chem. (1994) [Pubmed]
  2. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of gamma-Phosphono Diester Analogues of Glutamate as Highly Potent Inhibitors and Active Site Probes of gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase. Han, L., Hiratake, J., Kamiyama, A., Sakata, K. Biochemistry (2007) [Pubmed]
  3. Inactivation of penicillin acylase from Kluyvera citrophila by N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline: a case of time-dependent non-covalent enzyme inhibition. Martín, J., Mancheño, J.M., Arche, R. Biochem. J. (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Antiamoebic and toxicity studies of a carbamic acid derivative and its therapeutic effect in a hamster model of hepatic amoebiasis. Ordaz-Pichardo, C., Shibayama, M., Villa-Treviño, S., Arriaga-Alba, M., Angeles, E., de la Garza, M. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. The mechanism of the attachment of esterifying alcohol in bacteriochlorophyll a biosynthesis. Akhtar, M., Ajaz, A.A., Corina, D.L. Biochem. J. (1984) [Pubmed]
  6. Isolation and primary structure of pituitary human galanin, a 30-residue nonamidated neuropeptide. Schmidt, W.E., Kratzin, H., Eckart, K., Drevs, D., Mundkowski, G., Clemens, A., Katsoulis, S., Schäfer, H., Gallwitz, B., Creutzfeldt, W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1991) [Pubmed]
  7. Sodium-dependent inhibition of the epithelial sodium channel by an arginyl-specific reagent. Garty, H., Yeger, O., Asher, C. J. Biol. Chem. (1988) [Pubmed]
  8. Degradation in vitro of bacteriophage lambda N protein by Lon protease from Escherichia coli. Maurizi, M.R. J. Biol. Chem. (1987) [Pubmed]
  9. The C-terminal carboxy group of T7 RNA polymerase ensures efficient magnesium ion-dependent catalysis. Lykke-Andersen, J., Christiansen, J. Nucleic Acids Res. (1998) [Pubmed]
  10. Reactions catalyzed by 5-aminoimidazole ribonucleotide carboxylases from Escherichia coli and Gallus gallus: a case for divergent catalytic mechanisms. Firestine, S.M., Poon, S.W., Mueller, E.J., Stubbe, J., Davisson, V.J. Biochemistry (1994) [Pubmed]
  11. Synthesis, pharmacological activity and hydrolytic behavior of glyceride prodrugs of ibuprofen. Khan, M.S., Akhter, M. European journal of medicinal chemistry. (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Reaction of primary and secondary amines to form carbamic Acid glucuronides. Schaefer, W.H. Curr. Drug Metab. (2006) [Pubmed]
  13. Active-site- and substrate-specificity of Thermoanaerobium Tok6-B1 pullulanase. Plant, A.R., Clemens, R.M., Morgan, H.W., Daniel, R.M. Biochem. J. (1987) [Pubmed]
  14. C-terminal peptide identification by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Rose, K., Savoy, L.A., Simona, M.G., Offord, R.E., Wingfield, P. Biochem. J. (1988) [Pubmed]
  15. Reverse-phase HPLC of the hydrophobic pulmonary surfactant proteins: detection of a surfactant protein C isoform containing Nepsilon-palmitoyl-lysine. Gustafsson, M., Curstedt, T., Jörnvall, H., Johansson, J. Biochem. J. (1997) [Pubmed]
  16. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization in vitro of cyclic enkephalin analogues: effect of conformational constraints on opiate receptor selectivity. DiMaio, J., Nguyen, T.M., Lemieux, C., Schiller, P.W. J. Med. Chem. (1982) [Pubmed]
  17. Thiols as myeloperoxidase-oxidase substrates. Svensson, B.E. Biochem. J. (1988) [Pubmed]
  18. Methylation of calmodulin at carboxylic acid residues in erythrocytes. A non-regulatory covalent modification? Brunauer, L.S., Clarke, S. Biochem. J. (1986) [Pubmed]
  19. Characterization of an actin-myosin head interface in the 40-113 region of actin using specific antibodies as probes. Labbé, J.P., Méjean, C., Benyamin, Y., Roustan, C. Biochem. J. (1990) [Pubmed]
  20. Involvement of the central tachykinin NK1 receptor during maintenance of mechanical hypersensitivity induced by diabetes in the rat. Field, M.J., McCleary, S., Boden, P., Suman-Chauhan, N., Hughes, J., Singh, L. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (1998) [Pubmed]
  21. Effects of retigabine (D-23129) on different patterns of epileptiform activity induced by 4-aminopyridine in rat entorhinal cortex hippocampal slices. Armand, V., Rundfeldt, C., Heinemann, U. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch. Pharmacol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  22. Influence of local anesthetics on the phosphatidylcholine model membrane: small-angle synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron scattering study. Uhríková, D., Rapp, G., Yaradaikin, S., Gordeliy, V., Balgavý, P. Biophys. Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  23. Inactivation of the RTEM-1 cysteine beta-lactamase by iodoacetate. The nature of active-site functional groups and comparisons with the native enzyme. Knap, A.K., Pratt, R.F. Biochem. J. (1991) [Pubmed]
  24. Mode of action of endoglucanase III from Trichoderma reesei. Macarrón, R., Acebal, C., Castillón, M.P., Domínguez, J.M., de la Mata, I., Pettersson, G., Tomme, P., Claeyssens, M. Biochem. J. (1993) [Pubmed]
  25. Structure-activity relationships of heparin-mimicking compounds in induction of bFGF release from extracellular matrix and inhibition of smooth muscle cell proliferation and heparanase activity. Benezra, M., Ishai-Michaeli, R., Ben-Sasson, S.A., Vlodavsky, I. J. Cell. Physiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  26. Discovery of a novel nonphosphorylated pentapeptide motif displaying high affinity for Grb2-SH2 domain by the utilization of 3'-substituted tyrosine derivatives. Song, Y.L., Peach, M.L., Roller, P.P., Qiu, S., Wang, S., Long, Y.Q. J. Med. Chem. (2006) [Pubmed]
  27. Comparative effect of L-CCG-I, DCG-IV and gamma-carboxy-L-glutamate on all cloned metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes. Brabet, I., Parmentier, M.L., De Colle, C., Bockaert, J., Acher, F., Pin, J.P. Neuropharmacology (1998) [Pubmed]
  28. Ligand binding at the transthyretin dimer-dimer interface: structure of the transthyretin-T4Ac complex at 2.2 Angstrom resolution. Neumann, P., Cody, V., Wojtczak, A. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. (2005) [Pubmed]
  29. Substrate specificity and transport mode of the proton-dependent amino acid transporter mPAT2. Foltz, M., Oechsler, C., Boll, M., Kottra, G., Daniel, H. Eur. J. Biochem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  30. Synthesis and pharmacological characterization of aminocyclopentanetricarboxylic acids: new tools to discriminate between metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes. Acher, F.C., Tellier, F.J., Azerad, R., Brabet, I.N., Fagni, L., Pin, J.P. J. Med. Chem. (1997) [Pubmed]
  31. Tandem mass spectrometric data-FAAH inhibitory activity relationships of some carbamic acid O-aryl esters. Basso, E., Duranti, A., Mor, M., Piomelli, D., Tontini, A., Tarzia, G., Traldi, P. Journal of mass spectrometry : JMS. (2004) [Pubmed]
  32. Site-directed mutagenesis of dicarboxylic acids near the active site of Bacillus cereus 5/B/6 beta-lactamase II. Lim, H.M., Iyer, R.K., Pène, J.J. Biochem. J. (1991) [Pubmed]
  33. Immobilization of thermolysin to polyamide nonwoven materials. Moeschel, K., Nouaimi, M., Steinbrenner, C., Bisswanger, H. Biotechnol. Bioeng. (2003) [Pubmed]
  34. Melanin standard method: titrimetric analysis. Zeise, L., Chedekel, M.R. Pigment Cell Res. (1992) [Pubmed]
  35. A study of amorphous molecular dispersions of indomethacin and its sodium salt. Tong, P., Zografi, G. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. (2001) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities