Disease relevance of iron dihydrate

• Negative charges on the external surface of red cells were visualized by colloidal iron hydroxide labelling of 50% of the membrane area after osmotic hemolysis and glutaraldehyde fixation [1].
• Colloidal iron hydroxide-binding to the surfaces of chick embryo fibroblasts transformed by wild-type and a temperature-sensitive mutant of Rous sarcoma virus [2].
• Al-sulfate converts to gamma-alumina at 850 degrees C. SEM study shows that the spheroid and rod-shaped precipitates characteristic of Gallionella consist of iron hydroxide with varying chemical compositions [3].
• Our studies revealed that colloidal iron hydroxide and aluminium hydroxide behaved comparably with respect to supporting induction of an antibody response to tetanus toxoid [4].
• The use of colloidal iron hydroxide as adjuvant had the additional advantage to reproducibly support induction of HIV-1 envelope-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), when used as adjuvant for a HIV-1 env-carrying recombinant fowlpox virus and being applied via the subcutaneous route [4].

High impact information on iron dihydrate

• Mapping of perineuronal nets in the rat brain stained by colloidal iron hydroxide histochemistry and lectin cytochemistry [5].
• Immobilization mechanisms of arsenate in iron hydroxide sludge stabilized with cement [6].
• Humoral and cellular immunity induced by antigens adjuvanted with colloidal iron hydroxide [4].
• Furthermore, the morphology of the iron hydroxide nanoparticles depended on the molecular structure of the surfactants [7].
• A master variable for almost all processes is the pH: rates of pyrite oxidation, ferrous iron oxidation, mineral dissolution, iron precipitation, iron hydroxide transformation, and iron and sulfate reduction are strongly pH dependent [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of iron dihydrate

• In flagellates exposed to DMSO, more cationized ferritin, colloidal iron hydroxide, and sendai virus particles bound to the cell surface [9].

Biological context of iron dihydrate

• The co-precipitation method required a smaller sample volume (10 fold less), and less column separation to recover the uranium from the seawater matrix, compared to the original iron hydroxide method [10].
• Therefore, the removal of HA is not caused by adsorbing onto the iron hydroxide resulted from PFS hydrolysis, but through the complex-formation between the PFS and the HA [11].
• Iron protein succinylate led not only to a faster increase of hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV, serum iron, and ferritin than iron hydroxide polymaltose complex, but the laboratory values remained higher in group A than in B even after 2 months of treatment [12].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: An enrichment culture and two pure cultures of IRB, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BK and Brachymonas denitrificans MK identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, were produced using returned liquor from a municipal WWTP as carbon and energy source, and iron hydroxide as oxidant [13].
• Overall, these results show that the intact human RBC is prone to oxidative stress when exposed to Fe3+ and that the RBC has a potent antioxidant system that can minimize the potential damage caused by acute exposure to a colloidal iron hydroxide in vitro [14].

Anatomical context of iron dihydrate

• Effects of inorganic substances on water splitting in ion-exchange membranes; I. Electrochemical characteristics of ion-exchange membranes coated with iron hydroxide/oxide and silica sol [15].
• The binding of colloidal iron hydroxide (CI) and ruthenium red (RR) to the plasma membrane of frog ependymal astrocytes was examined by electron microscopy [16].
• The lower density of sites, combined with the rapid precipitation of iron salts, may be responsible for the lack of specific adsorption of either hydroxylated ferric species or primary iron hydroxide particles on the oocysts [17].
• The anionic sulfated groups of the cell coat glycoconjugates were studied in sensory and supporting cells of the organ of Corti with the colloidal iron hydroxide technique of Mowry, modified by Seno et al [18].
• Both macrophages have a negative surface charge as evaluated by the binding of cationic particles (colloidal iron hydroxide and cationized ferritin) to the cell surface and determination of the cellular electrophoretic mobility (EPM) [19].

Associations of iron dihydrate with other chemical compounds

• Complex formation due to the interaction between COO(-) groups in each surfactant and Fe(3+) ions, as well as the template role prior to the synthesis of iron oxide in raw aqueous solution, inhibited the phase transition from iron hydroxide to hematite [7].
• The approach is based on the use of a surfactant as a resist to define patterns of silicon oxide nanodomains onto which nanoparticles of iron hydroxide (Fe(OH)3), 1-5 nm diameter, could be deposited [20].
• The iron hydroxide nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis of ferric chloride (FeCl3) [20].
• Lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione levels in human erythrocytes exposed to colloidal iron hydroxide in vitro [14].

Gene context of iron dihydrate

• Surface anionic sites of C. elegans were visualized by using cationized ferritin particles, at pH 7.2, and by using colloidal iron hydroxide particles at pH 1 [21].
• Milk casein showed the greatest capability of suspension removal, and coagulating flocs formed by clay particles and iron hydroxide were almost perfectly recovered in foam generated from the liquid, even in the case of freshwater and seawater suspension at neutral pH [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of iron dihydrate

• Resonance Raman spectroscopic evidence for heme iron-hydroxide ligation in peroxidase alkaline forms [23].
• The fouling of ultrafiltration membranes by colloidal iron hydroxide-oxide has been studied by measuring the pore streaming potential of PES UF membrane. pH 5.5 (charge neutralization zone) provided better removal and lower fouling intensity than pH 7.8 (sweep coagulation zone), but the internal clogging at acidic pH was higher [24].

References