Disease relevance of Neo-Mercazole

• The administration of T4 to patients with Graves' disease during carbimazole treatment and after its withdrawal neither delays nor prevents the recurrence of hyperthyroidism [1].
• This possibility could be important in the use of carbimazole to control hyperthyroidism [2].
• The efficacy of treatment with TSH-suppressive doses of L-thyroxine (T4, 2.5 micrograms/kg body weight daily) either alone or combined with carbimazole (CBZ, 40 mg daily) was studied in 78 patients with sporadic non-toxic goitre in a prospective placebo-controlled double-blind randomised clinical trial [3].
• Myositis in association with carbimazole therapy [4].
• Challenge with carbimazole was followed within 12 hours by abdominal pain, pruritis, and increased serum transaminase levels [5].

Psychiatry related information on Neo-Mercazole

• Side effects associated with carbimazole treatment are reported to include impaired taste, impaired olfaction, and hearing loss [6].

High impact information on Neo-Mercazole

• Carbimazole and the autoimmune response in Graves' disease [2].
• Biopsy-proven myositis with microvasculitis in association with carbimazole [7].
• Carbimazole and breastfeeding [8].
• During the third and fourth pregnancies the mother received carbimazole to control fetal hyperthyroidism; both babies were euthyroid at birth and thrived [9].
• Excretion of carbimazole and propylthiouracil in breast milk [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Neo-Mercazole

• In vitro immunoreactivity to propylthiouracil, methimazole, and carbimazole in patients with Graves' disease: a possible cause of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis [11].
• CONCLUSIONS: Telepaque rapidly ameliorates hyperthyroidism without jeopardizing the subsequent radioiodine therapy, and the outcome of radioiodine therapy in this subset of patients is in no way different compared with those prepared by carbimazole [12].
• Theophylline kinetics were examined in five patients with hyperthyroidism before and after treatment with carbimazole [13].
• In 49 patients with Graves' disease, the 20-min thyroidal uptake of 99mTc and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor antibody were estimated at presentation and at intervals during a 1-yr course of carbimazole and triiodothyronine [14].
• The perioperative course of 44 hyperthyroid patients prepared for surgery with propranolol alone, including 11 with severe thyrotoxicosis was compared to that of 20 euthyroid patients prepared for surgery with carbimazole [15].

Biological context of Neo-Mercazole

• Correction of hyperthyroidism and restitution of a euthyroid state by carbimazole therapy resulted in complete normalization of platelet counts [16].
• Forty-five patients with recent-onset hyperthyroidism (<12 weeks) were sex and menopause stratified and randomly allocated to treatment with carbimazole (Neotomizol), carbimazole plus low dose CT (Calsynar; 100 IU/day, 2 days/week), or carbimazole plus high dose CT (Calsynar; 100 IU/day, 14 days/month) [17].
• Carbimazole and exercise tolerance in chronic airflow obstruction [18].
• Dietary intake, including actual nutrient and energy intake, was assessed in 21 successive thyrotoxic patients before and after adequate carbimazole therapy [19].
• Mitosis in the oesophageal epithelium of rats during chronic antithyroid treatment with carbimazole [20].

Anatomical context of Neo-Mercazole

• Carbimazole induced a blastogenic response of patient lymphocytes in vitro [21].
• Localization of radioactivity in the human fetal thyroid was also observed after administration of 35S-labelled MMI, carbimazole or PTU [22].
• In carbimazole-treated patients, the appearance of functional suppressor T cells was delayed slightly, but the overall suppression ratios on the 16th and 20th days were normal [23].
• Carbimazole-dependent antibodies eluted from erythrocytes showed no binding to other blood cells [24].
• Carbimazole-induced immune haemolytic anaemia: role of drug-red blood cell complexes for immunization [25].

Associations of Neo-Mercazole with other chemical compounds

• Whether the drug tested binds (penicillin, cianidanol, carbimazole, and diclofenac) or does not bind (cefotaxime and nomifensine) firmly to the cells, the resultant cell-drug-antibody complex could be recognized on and/or in the gel after it was separated from the mixture containing the drug by means of centrifugation alone and without washing [26].
• The pharmacokinetics of methimazole after oral administration of carbimazole and methimazole, in hyperthyroid patients [27].
• Together with the reported differential in remission rates between propranolol and anti-thyroid drugs, it is concluded that carbimazole does not act solely by inhibiting intrathyroid hormono-genesis, but more definitively by affecting thyroid hyperstimulation at a pre-biosynthetic level [28].
• Radioisotope scanning showed focal uptake bilaterally in the neck and believing this was the source of thyroid hormone excess, carbimazole was restarted [29].
• However, in-vitro experiments indicated that carbimazole does not affect red cell glutathione directly [30].

Gene context of Neo-Mercazole

• The effect of carbimazole therapy on interleukin 2, interleukin 2 receptors and free radicals [31].
• The following measurements were made basally and for 6 months after carbimazole treatment: serum free T4, T3, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), IL-6, IL-8, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-11, and urinary deoxypyridinoline (Udpd) [32].
• The mitogen-stimulated cellular IL2 receptor expression, IL2 receptor release, and IL2 production did not differ between patients with or without carbimazole therapy [33].
• We analyzed the sera from 5 patients who presented with DITP after intake of carbimazole [34].
• Carbimazole-dependent antibodies showed similar reactivity with platelets carrying the Leu(125) and Val(125) PECAM-1 isoforms, indicating that this polymorphic structure, which is located in the first extracellular domain, is not responsible for the epitope formation [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Neo-Mercazole

• Patients in group A (n = 30) received carbimazole by a titration regimen, and patients in group B (n = 30) were treated with higher doses of carbimazole plus T4 [35].
• The control group received 30-40 mg oral carbimazole daily until patients became euthyroid followed by 131I [12].
• However, the recent report of similar relapse rates after low and high dose carbimazole treatment of Graves' disease seems to contradict the immunosuppression thesis [36].
• The placental transfer of 35S-labelled methimazole (MMI), carbimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU) has been examined in the rat in late pregnancy and in patients undergoing therapeutic abortion [22].
• Firstly to assess the post treatment predictive value of various biochemical and immunological tests for early hypothyroidism after 131I therapy for Graves' disease, and secondly to determine whether or not pretreatment with Carbimazole protects against post treatment hypothyroidism [37].

References