Disease relevance of PARALDEHYDE

• Adverse reactions occurred in nine patients, all of whom had been treated with paraldehyde; these patients had greater degrees of fever, tachypnea, and tachycardia and required three times longer for initial calming than patients without adverse reactions [1].
• Half of the patients had delirium tremens in association with pneumonia, pancreatitis, or alcoholic hepatitis; these patients required twice as much paraldehyde or diazepam for initial calming as patients with delirium tremens alone [1].
• Paraldehyde therapy in childhood status epilepticus [2].
• Severe lactic acidosis following paraldehyde administration [3].
• Paraldehyde administration was not correlated with any adverse reactions or toxicities [4].

Psychiatry related information on PARALDEHYDE

• Diazepam and paraldehyde for treatment of severe delirium tremens. A controlled trial [1].

High impact information on PARALDEHYDE

• RESULTS: Both tested doses of paraldehyde equally affected motor seizures [5].
• The interaction of the depressant and toxic actions of paraldehyde with those of ethanol and chloral hydrate were investigated in two strains of male mice by determination of the ED50 for anesthetic action (righting reflex loss) and the 24 hr LD50, respectively [6].
• Pharmacokinetics of paraldehyde disposition in the neonate [4].
• The metabolic fate and the kinetics of paraldehyde metabolism after the i.p. administration of a 400 mg/kg dose of this agent were investigated in mice [7].
• The above results conclusively indicate the involvement of cytochrome P-540 mixed function oxidase in the formation of AcH from paraldehyde by mouse liver microsomes [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of PARALDEHYDE

• Thirty-four patients with severe delirium tremens were allocated randomly to treatment with paraldehyde (10 ml rectally very 30 minutes) or diazepam (10 mg then 5 mg intravenously every 5 minutes) until they were calm but awake [1].
• This episode of status epilepticus was terminated by intravenous lorazepam and paraldehyde, and seizures were subsequently controlled for seven months by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), valproic acid, and phenobarbital [9].
• The author describes the morphology and distribution of the neurosecretory cells in the supraoesophageal ganglion of the adult female Culex pipiens molestus, using paraldehyde fuchsin and paraldehyde thionine-paraldehyde fuchsin as vital staining techniques [10].
• DNA-protein cross-link formation in Burkitt lymphoma cells cultured with benzaldehyde and the sedative paraldehyde [11].

Biological context of PARALDEHYDE

• The neurosecretory cells (NSCs) of the brain of the mature larvae and 3 months old diapause pupae of Amsacta collaris Hampson (Lepidopera: arctiidae) have been studied under different temperature regimes (0, 7, 18, 37, and 42 degrees C), using paraldehyde fuchsin and performic acid resorcin fuchsin staining techniques [12].

Anatomical context of PARALDEHYDE

• The analysis of blood serum for paraldehyde by ultrafiltration and gas chromatography with a wide-bore capillary column [13].
• The ability of paraldehyde, a potent central nervous system depressant, to prevent the convulsions induced by the organophosphate soman, an irreversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, was studied in rats [14].
• The neurosecretory material was stained with paraldehyde fuchsin in the supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, eminentia mediana and neurohypophysis, the tigroid was stained with toluidine blue and the acid phosphatase activity was evaluated histoenzymatically [15].

Associations of PARALDEHYDE with other chemical compounds

• Immunocytochemical staining based on a peroxidase-antiperoxidase method showed neurosecretory cells (NSC) reactive to bovine insulin in five of 18 paraldehyde fuchsin-positive neurosecretory regions (NSR) in the synganglion of unfed adult Dermacentor variabilis [16].
• BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, rectal diazepam or intramuscular paraldehyde are commonly used as first-line anticonvulsant agents in the emergency treatment of seizures in children [17].
• The constancy of rat EEG during surgical anaesthesia induced by phenobarbital, cholorose, paraldehyde, and inactin was investigated [18].
• Abnormalities in the body curvatures were noticed in Cyprinus carpio after the injection of anaesthetics, viz. paraldehyde, tertiary butyl alcohol and butanol [19].
• Restraint in canvas camisoles, padded cells, paraldehyde, water-baths and salts-Epsom, not Lithium-met mania in echos of Bedlam still heard in the early 1950s [20].

Gene context of PARALDEHYDE

• Positive staining for PAS and paraldehyde fuchsin, and a marked reaction to lectins PHA-L4, MAM, and RCA 60 suggested the presence of sialo-glycoproteins in the follicular cavities [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PARALDEHYDE

• On both occasions attempts to control the patient with chemotherapy were totally unsuccessful despite the use of rapid neuroleptization, paraldehyde, barbiturates and mechanical restraints [22].
• A rapid, sensitive and selective gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection was developed for the determination of paraldehyde in small blood samples taken from children [23].
• PLD anaesthesia has antidiuretic effect, which is not overcome by vagotomy [24].
• Vascular injury in the neonate associated with intra-arterial injection of paraldehyde [25].
• Intravenous infusion of tender coconut water to paraldehyde and chloralose-urethane anaesthetised dogs at a rate of 0.5 ml/kg/min to a total dose of 100 ml/kg body weight decreased serum Na and increased K and Ca levels [26].

References