Disease relevance of Culex

• Lys224 in Mtx2 was found to be the most important amino acid for toxicity to Culex larvae, and substitution of Lys224 with threonine abolished the toxicity of Mtx2 from strain SSII-1 to these larvae [1].
• Effects of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole treatment of bancroftian filariasis on parasite uptake and development in Culex pipiens L [2].
• Attempts were made to isolate virus from wild caught mosquitoes during the 1977 and 1978 Rift Valley fever (RVF) epizootics in Egypt. Over 95% of the 55,126 mosquitoes collected from epizootic areas in the Nile Delta and Valley were Culex pipiens [3].
• An amino acid substitution attributable to insecticide-insensitivity of acetylcholinesterase in a Japanese encephalitis vector mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus [4].
• Rubella virus failed to replicate in mosquitoes (Aedes albopictus and Culex fatigans) following parenteral inoculation [5].

High impact information on Culex

• The discovery of an intron at a predicted position in the triose-phosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) gene of Culex mosquitoes has been hailed as an evidential pillar of the theory [6].
• Characterization of amplification core and esterase B1 gene responsible for insecticide resistance in Culex [7].
• Mosquito carboxylesterase Est alpha 2(1) (A2). Cloning and sequence of the full-length cDNA for a major insecticide resistance gene worldwide in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus [8].
• Further evidence from collections of Culex nigripalpus (the major mosquito vector of SLEV in Florida) suggests that during extended spring droughts vector mosquitoes and nestling, juvenile, and adult wild birds congregate in selected refuges, facilitating epizootic amplification of SLEV [9].
• Previous studies of amplified esterase genes in a highly dispersive Culex mosquito have suggested that insecticide resistance-associated mutations (specifically a single-gene duplication event) can occur a single time and then spread throughout global populations [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Culex

• Residual toxicity of deltamethrin and permethrin on various surfaces for mosquito species culex pipiens molestul Forskal [11].
• Dry-ice (CO2) baited EVS (Encephalitis Virus Surveillance) light traps collected significantly more Culex annulirostris than unbaited EVS or CDC light traps, chicken-, guinea pig- and rabbit-baited EVS traps, or cubic foot resting boxes [12].
• When augmented with dry ice, the Arbovirus Field Station (AFS) trap (consisting of a 3-in. fan mounted into a white polyvinyl chloride pipe and operated without a light source or rain shield) collected as many or more Culex females than similar traps purchased from John W [13].
• Vector competence of Culex tarsalis from Orange County, California, for West Nile virus [14].
• Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis beta exotoxin on ultrastructures of midgut cells of Culex sitiens [15].

Biological context of Culex

• Primary structural information including the complete nucleotide sequence of the first insect aldehyde oxidase (AO) was obtained from the common house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) through cloning and sequencing of both genomic DNA and cDNA [16].
• A novel cDNA clone encoding a cytochrome P450 was screened from a gut cDNA library of permethrin-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus larvae [17].
• Two serine proteinase genes were isolated from Culex pipiens pallens as significantly up-regulated genes in a deltamethrin-resistant strain through a combination of suppression substractive hybridization and gene expression profiling by macroarrays [18].
• An acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene, Ace.x, showing 93% identity of deduced amino acid sequence to Anopheles stephensi Ace has been cloned from a Culex pipiens strain homozygous for insensitive AChE (iAChE) mediated insecticide resistance [19].
• Effects of methoprene and 20-hydroxyecdysone on the development and hemagglutination activity (HA) were studied in both sexes of two members of the Culex pipiens complex-anautogenous C. p. quinquefasciatus and autogenous C. p. molestus [20].

Anatomical context of Culex

• Expression of cryIIA and subsequent purification of CryIIA inclusion bodies resulted in a protein with insecticidal activity against Heliothis virescens, Trichoplusia ni, and Culex quinquefasciatus but not Spodoptera exigua [21].
• Platelet-activating-factor-hydrolyzing phospholipase C in the salivary glands and saliva of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus [22].
• Clone C13 replicated normally in certain cell types in vitro and in Culex pipiens mosquitoes after intrathoracic inoculation, but established abortive infections in MRC-5 human fibroblasts [23].
• The cytoplasms of Paris and Delhi strains of Culex fatigans have been reported to be bi-directionally incompatible [24].
• The binding of positive and negative colloids of iron hydroxide, native ferritin and cationic ferritin to the mesenteronal epithelial cell surface of the mosquito, Culex tarsalis, was examined electronmicroscopically [25].

Associations of Culex with chemical compounds

• Newly-hatched larvae of Culex pipiens grow well to adults in a chemically defined dietary medium containing cholesterol as the only lipid, but the adults cannot fly [26].
• Serine proteinase over-expression in relation to deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallens [18].
• Changes in cross-resistance spectrum resulting from methyl parathion selection of Culex tarsalis Coq [27].
• Sodium and chloride regulation in freshwater and osmoconforming larvae of Culex mosquitoes [28].
• Larvae of a field strain of Culex tarsalis Coq. manifesting a broad spectrum of resistance to organophosphorus (OP) insecticides were selected further by methyl parathion pressure in the laboratory [27].

Gene context of Culex

• It also shows that the closest relative of alpha E1 amongst previously published esterase sequences is ESTB1, which confers organophosphate resistance in Culex mosquitoes [29].
• Purified inclusions containing either Cry19A alone or Cry19A and ORF2 together were toxic to Anopheles stephensi and Culex pipiens mosquito larvae [30].
• In Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, high levels of OP resistance (approximately 800 times) are due to the esterase B1 gene, which is amplified at least 250-fold [7].
• Mosquitoes from a laboratory colony of Culex quinquefasciatus from Matsu Island, China, develop irreversible paralytic symptoms after exposure to carbon dioxide at 1 degree [31].
• In one mosquito (Culex pipiens), ace-1 was found to be tightly linked with insecticide resistance and probably encodes the AChE OP target [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Culex

• In laboratory bioassays, gravid Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were strongly attracted and or stimulated to oviposit by a habitat-derived chemical cue, 3-methylindole, at several concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1 microgram/liter in water [33].
• 1. The nonspecific esterases of the mosquito, Culex tarsalis, were examined through conventional and isoelectric focusing acrylamide gel electrophoresis [34].
• Exogenous juvenile hormone and methoprene, but not male accessory gland substances or ovariectomy, affect the blood/nectar choice of female Culex nigripalpus mosquitoes [35].
• Neutralization antibody titers of the sera were determined against the Nakayama strain and E-50 strain, isolated from wild Culex tritaeniorhynchus using clone C6/36 of Singh's Aedes albopictus mosquito cell culture [36].

References