Disease relevance of Chlorocresol

• A 42-year-old woman who experienced more than 50 attacks of left-sided facial palsies after exposure to chlorocresol was studied [1].
• RESULTS: Chlorocresol causes muscle contracture in MHS muscles at a concentration of 25-50 microM and potentiates the caffeine contracture response in human MHS muscles [2].
• After a successful chlorocresol intrathecal nerve block, respiratory failure was induced by doses of oral morphine at the same level as those used before the block, and also by substantially smaller doses [3].
• Contact sensitivity and bioavailability of chlorocresol [4].
• Contact urticaria to chlorocresol [5].

High impact information on Chlorocresol

• In the present study we investigated the effect of the compound chlorocresol on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis [6].
• Structure-activity relationship analyses suggest that the chloro and methyl groups in chlorocresols are important for the activation of the ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channel [6].
• Pentostam induces resistance to antimony and the preservative chlorocresol in Leishmania donovani promastigotes and axenically grown amastigotes [7].
• In intact and saponin-skinned preparations isolated from right ventricle, the effect of 4-CmC on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) content was estimated by analysis of caffeine contracture after application of chlorocresol [8].
• Repeated facial palsies after chlorocresol inhalation [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of Chlorocresol

• A patient with contact dermatitis from nickel and cobalt developed sensitivity to chlorocresol contained in topical steroid creams [9].
• We present the case of an 80-year-old lady known to be sensitive to chlorocresol (4-chloro-3-methyl phenol) who developed severe erythrodermic exfoliative dermatitis with atypical features 2 weeks after commencing subcutaneous insulin [10].
• Antibacterial activities of methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, phenoxyethanol and chlorocresol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated in the presence of varying concentrations of Tween 80 [11].

Biological context of Chlorocresol

• Sensitivity and subsequent "down regulation" of sensitivity induced by chlorocresol in guinea pigs [12].

Anatomical context of Chlorocresol

• Extensive electrophysiological examination without chlorocresol provocation excluded a preexisting generalised nerve disorder and other diagnostic procedures did not give evidence of pathology involving the left facial nerve [1].
• A transient and a persistent calcium release are induced by chlorocresol in cultivated mouse myotubes [13].

Associations of Chlorocresol with other chemical compounds

• The mean values in hertz (+/- s.d.) obtained with the photometry and high-speed digital imaging systems were: controls 8.2 +/- 0.9 and 7.9 +/- 1.1; chlorocresol 5.0 +/- 0.9 and 5.1 +/- 1.1; glycocholate 9.8 +/- 1.0 and 9.7 +/- 0 [14].
• A flow injection analysis (FIA) procedure is described for the determination of chlorocresol in a parenteral pharmaceutical formulation [15].
• The stability of the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin, incorporated at a 2% m/m concentration in a hydrophilic creme basis containing 2% m/m of chlorocresol, was monitored over a period of 2 months using liquid chromatography as the analytical method [16].
• We hypothesize that the adverse cutaneous reaction was a systemic manifestation of cresol sensitivity, given the rapid clinical resolution on changing insulins and the previously demonstrated sensitivity to chlorocresol, particularly as cross-reactivity between different low molecular weight methyl phenols is documented [10].
• In the CO2 incubator and 7- and 14-days perfusion system cultures, glycocholate (0.5%) showed a reversible cilio-stimulatory effect of 23, 26 and 21%, respectively, while chlorocresol (0.005%) exerted a reversible cilio-inhibitory effect of 36, 40 and 36%, respectively [17].

Gene context of Chlorocresol

• Chlorocresol (0.005% w/ v) reversibly reduced the CBF of the cells by 50 +/- 6% (monolayer) and 34 +/- 4% (suspension); at a higher concentration (0.1% w/v) it resulted in instantaneous and irreversible ciliostasis [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chlorocresol

• Consecutive human patch tests with chlorocresol 2% in pet. showed 11 reactions among 1462 patients tested, but none were explainable and reproducible during re-tests and provocative use tests, indicating that the GPMT overestimated the sensitization potential [19].
• The determination of the preservative, chlorocresol, in a pharmaceutical formulation by flow injection analysis [15].
• Analytical comparison of an enzyme-amperometric method for chlorocresol determination in ointments with colorimetry and liquid chromatography [20].
• Chlorocresol 0.1% w/v) did not meet the British Pharmacopoeial requirements for efficacy of antimicrobial preservatives when tested against C. albicans using membrane filtration to isolate the micro-organism [21].

References