Disease relevance of m-cresol

• Nonsignificant decreases (<5 and 10%, Disetronic and MiniMed, respectively) of m-cresol content occurred in both systems following 48 h storage in each device, but sterility was not compromised by this decrease (initial m-cresol concentration, 3.15 mg/ml) [1].
• Cresol formation provides metabolic toxicity, which allows an active suppression of other microbes and may provide growth advantages for the producers in highly competitive environments [2].
• Complete nucleotide sequence of tbuD, the gene encoding phenol/cresol hydroxylase from Pseudomonas pickettii PKO1, and functional analysis of the encoded enzyme [3].
• A 16-year-old boy with short stature and mild primary hypothyroidism received subcutaneous injections of either recombinant human growth hormone or placebo in diluent that contained glycerol and m-cresol as a preservative [4].
• A cloned 11.2-kb EcoRI restriction fragment of TOM23c resulted in the expression of both Tom and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase in Escherichia coli, as evidenced by its ability to oxidize trichloroethylene, toluene, m-cresol, o-cresol, phenol, and catechol [5].

Psychiatry related information on m-cresol

• Data from these techniques as well as organoleptic evaluation of both the SMC and the chromatographic eluant indicated that the volatile sulfur compounds and cresol were important odorous components in SMC; cresol was reported as a musty, cattle-feces aroma [6].

High impact information on m-cresol

• These results demonstrate that both preservatives impaired leukocyte function, but m-cresol was the most noxious in this respect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[7]
• The T(onset) value (140 degrees C) of aniline in the TGA is higher than those of phenol and the higher-boiling cresol guests (T(onset)=90-110 degrees C) because the former structure has more O-H...N/N-H...O hydrogen bonds than the clathrate of 1 with phenol which has O-H...O hydrogen bonds [8].
• We also report the application of 2DCOR-GC to probe the mechanism of the alkylation of m-cresol with isopropyl alcohol in scCO(2) using Nafion SAC-13 as the catalyst [9].
• Two structures of B28 Asp insulin have been determined from crystals grown in the presence of phenol and m-cresol [10].
• 4-Chloro-m-cresol (cresol) and caffeine have been shown to be potent activators of the Ca(2+) release mediated by the ryanodine-sensitive Ca(2+) release channel and therefore increase the cytosolic free calcium concentration in skeletal muscles [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of m-cresol

• Study of the reaction sequence by which Pseudomonas alcaligenes (P25X1) and derived mutants degrade m-cresol, 2,5-xylenol, and their catabolites has provided indirect evidence for the existence of two or more isofunctional enzymes at three different steps [12].
• The oxidative metabolism and toxicity of the para isomers of methylphenol (cresol), ethylphenol, and isopropylphenol were studied using male Sprague-Dawley rat liver microsomes and precision-cut liver slices [13].
• A comparison of the toxicity of cresol isomers (o-, m-, and p-methylphenol) was carried out using precision-cut rat liver slices as a test system [14].
• These results indicate that acute cresol-poisoning, direct root canal medication with formocresol or long-term occupational exposure to cresol and toluene may potentially suppress blood clot formation and lead to tissue hemorrhage via inhibition of platelet aggregation, TXB(2) production and COX enzyme activity [15].
• Indole, cresol, putrescine, methylguanidine or acetoine was given intraperitoneally to normal rats at doses of between 5 and 300 mg/kg body weight [16].

Biological context of m-cresol

• Unlike caffeine, the long-term application of cresol did not cause any calcium oscillation; neither did it cause a decrease in the basal calcium levels [11].
• Therefore, TCE degradation is directly associated with the monooxygenation capability responsible for toluene, cresol, and phenol hydroxylation [17].
• Phenol and m-cresol were shown to be inducers of the enzyme. o-Cresol and p-cresol did not induce enzymatic activity but could be metabolized by cells that had been previously exposed to phenol or m-cresol; moreover, the enzyme exhibited a rather broad substrate specificity and was sensitive to thiol-inhibiting reagents [18].
• The procedure was applied to assess the biodegradation rates of m-cresol, chlorobenzene, nitrilotriacetic acid, and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in fresh, brackish, and marine water samples from the coastal areas of North Carolina. Saturation kinetics for uptake were obtained with each of the compounds tested [19].
• In this study, m-cresol inhibited the AA-induced platelet aggregation by 43-97% at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1 mM [15].

Anatomical context of m-cresol

• The levels in the heart muscle, liver and spleen tissues were also extremely high, and there was 250 ml of cresol-odor-emitting fluid in the stomach [20].
• Concentrations of butanoic, pentanoic, and 3-methylbutanoic acid were greater (P < 0.05) and concentrations of 3-methylphenol, 4-methylphenol, indole, and decane were less (P < 0.05) in feces from pigs fed feather meal [21].
• Cresol, a commonly used disinfectant, may cause gastrointestinal corrosive injury, central nervous system and cardiovascular disturbances, and renal and hepatic injury following intoxication [22].
• Three cresol isomers at 15 mumol/mg protein each induced the swelling in the absence of Ca2+ in medium and accelerated the swelling of liver mitochondria in the presence of Ca2+ in medium [23].
• The identification of four further major constituents of the pedal gland exudate of the bontebok, Damaliscus dorcas dorcas, viz. alpha-terpineol, 2-n-heptylpyridine, m-cresol and (A)-6-dodecen-4-olide and the investigation of the stereochemistry of the double bond in (Z)-6-dodecen-4-olide by means of iterative computer analysis are described [24].

Associations of m-cresol with other chemical compounds

• For m-cresol, m-aminophenol, and aniline intermediate rates of biodegradation and a linear increase in the percent mineralized with time were observed [25].
• Phenethyl alcohol, m-cresol, and related compounds cause inhibition of germ tube formation in conidia of Neurospora crassa [26].
• The anaerobic biodegradation of m-cresol was observed in anoxic aquifer slurries kept under both sulfate-reducing and nitrate-reducing but not methanogenic conditions [27].
• The useful lifetime of the biosensor was 27 days and it was useful to determine monophenolics compounds (e.g. cresol, chlorophenol) and diphenolics compounds (e.g. catechol and dopamine) by amperometric measurements at -100mV (versus SCE) in a batch system [28].
• Energy-resolved, competitive threshold collision-induced dissociation (TCID) methods are used to measure the gas-phase acidities of phenol, 3-methylphenol, 2,4,6-trimethylphenol, and ethanoic acid relative to hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen sulfide, and the hydroperoxyl radical using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry [29].

Gene context of m-cresol

• A TP II analogue, [1-Nal3] TP II, was synthesized by a conventional solution method, followed by deprotection with 1M TFMSA-thioanisole (molar ratio 1:1) in TFA in the presence of Me2Se and m-cresol as scavengers [30].
• A two-step deprotection methodology, consisting of a combination of a first-step reagent [0.3 M BSTFA-TBAI in CH(2)Cl(2), BF(3).Et(2)O] followed by a second-step reagent [1 M TMSOTf-thioanisole in TFA, m-cresol, EDT] was developed for use in solid-phase protocols [31].
• Third, pressure measurements indicate that tyrosinase-coated chitosan films only react with cresol vapors if the oxygen cosubstrate is present [32].
• After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness [33].
• The zinc and m-cresol environments are described and the nature of the protamine binding site is outlined [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of m-cresol

• After a 60-min baseline period, insulin (20 IU H-Insulin 100 Hoechst) or vehicle (2.7 mg/ml m-Cresol) was intranasally administered every 15 min to 18 healthy subjects according to a double-blind within-subject crossover design [35].
• The killing percentage in insulin with m-cresol reduced compared with insulin without preservative (mean +/- SE 95.4 +/- 0.8%) and the control without insulin (95.8 +/- 0.8%), both before and after 1 and 4 days perfusion (74.8 +/- 0.7, 80.2 +/- 2.8, and 80.6 +/- 1.6%, respectively; P less than 0.01) [7].
• A new method of capillary electrophoresis was established to separate the three cresol isomers [36].
• The TyrD./TyrD FTIR spectrum is compared to a cresol./cresol FTIR difference spectrum obtained by UV irradiation at 10 K of cresol at pH 8 [37].
• Phenol/cresol degradation by the thermophilic Bacillus thermoglucosidasius A7: cloning and sequence analysis of five genes involved in the pathway [38].

References