Disease relevance of Paraben

• All of the E. gergoviae strains presented high methylparaben MICs, ranging from 1 to 3.8 g/L, values that were 2-5 times higher than for Escherichia coli or Enterobacter aerogenes, even in strains overexpressing MarA [1].
• Cells of a strain of Pseudomonas cepacia were isolated from an oil-in-water emulsion containing methyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoates (methylparaben and propylparaben) as preservative additives [2].
• We report on the oestrogenic effects of four parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, n-propylparaben, n-butylparaben) in oestrogen-dependent MCF7 human breast cancer cells [3].
• Lidocaine plus methylparaben reduced quantitative counts to a somewhat greater extent; nevertheless, all strains except Bacteroides melaninogenicus were recovered in relatively high concentrations at each sampling interval [4].
• Allergic and systemic contact dermatitis to methylparaben [5].

High impact information on Paraben

• X-ray crystallographic studies on hexameric insulins in the presence of helix-stabilizing agents, thiocyanate, methylparaben, and phenol [6].
• The R factors for the refined structures of thiocyanate insulin, methylparaben insulin, and phenol insulin were 19.6, 18.4, and 19.1, respectively [6].
• The binding of methylparaben appears to make the hexamer more compact by drawing the A and the B chains closer together in the binding site [6].
• The interaction of methylparaben and propylparaben with bilirubin-albumin complexes was studied using difference spectra, Sephadex gel filtration, red blood cell uptake of bilirubin, and the peroxidase assay [7].
• Here, for the first time, we present evidence of their estrogenicity using a morphometric analysis of uteri from mice treated with the preservatives methylparaben (MePben), ethylparaben (EtPben), propylparaben (PrPben), and butylparaben (BuPben) compared with estradiol (E2) [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Paraben

• The GE-Amersham CodeLink 20 K human expression microarray system was used to profile the expression of 19881 genes in MCF7 human breast cancer cells following a 7-day exposure to 5 x 10(-4) M methylparaben, 10(-5) M n-butylparaben and 10(-8) M 17beta-oestradiol [9].
• The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of 1% lidocaine hydrochloride (10 mg/ml preserved with methylparaben) were determined in vitro for seven bacteria known to be frequent causes of osteomyelitis by using conventional clinical microbiologic methods [10].
• This study describes inhibitory properties of combinations of oil of fennel, oil of anise or oil of basil with either benzoic acid or methyl-paraben against Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteriditis [11].
• To identify which components of the lubricants were active against HIV, we tested five components (glycerin, methylparaben, propylparaben, polyquaternium-32, and propylene glycol) [12].

Biological context of Paraben

• The hippuric acid liberated on hydrolysis was extracted with ethyl acetate and determined by reversed-phase chromatography using methylparaben as an internal standard [13].
• Comparison of the global gene expression profiles produced by methylparaben, n-butylparaben and 17beta-oestradiol in MCF7 human breast cancer cells [9].

Anatomical context of Paraben

• Methylparaben potentiates UV-induced damage of skin keratinocytes [14].
• Morphological effects of subarachnoid methylparaben on rabbit spinal cord [15].
• Propylparaben was more extensively adsorbed by all the membranes than was methylparaben [16].

Associations of Paraben with other chemical compounds

• This paper describes a comparison of fitting the Van Deemter, Knox and other equations to low noise data gathered during the separation of propyl- and methylparaben by HPLC [17].
• In the isolated lung, the radical scavengers p-hydroxybenzoate (methylparaben) and catalase attenuated AmB lung injury as did 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone (Phenidone), a combined radical scavenger and lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and the leukotriene antagonist CGP 35949B [18].
• A novel gradient HPLC method for simultaneous determination of ranitidine, methylparaben and propylparaben in oral liquid pharmaceutical formulation [19].
• Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to study the possible interaction between methylparaben and Eudragit RS PO polymer [20].
• The reaction was attributed to a delayed-type sensitivity to mepivacaine, since mepivacaine gave a positive patch test response and also elicited a delayed sensitivity reaction after s.c. challenges, whereas prick and patch tests with methylparaben, as well as oral challenges, were negative [21].

Gene context of Paraben

• Reduction of activity of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) due to degradation or interaction with methylparaben sodium was measured by UV spectrophotometry and microbial assay [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Paraben

• Drugs and injectable saline and water preparations which contain methylparaben should be avoided in jaundiced newborn infants when the high-affinity albumin-binding sites approach saturation [7].
• A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay to quantitate methylparaben in urine was developed [23].
• The physicochemical properties of the extruded methylparaben-containing polymer matrix were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction [20].
• To test this hypothesis, we measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) with inhaled 133Xenon and transcranial Doppler respectively in healthy humans before and after the intravenous administration of methylparaben and propylparaben [24].
• Intradermal skin testing of local anesthetic compounds, methylparaben, and metabisulfite should be performed in patients when a thorough history does not rule out a possible allergic reaction to local anesthetics and future local anesthesia is necessary [25].

References