Disease relevance of Bayotensin

• CONCLUSIONS: Nitrendipine-based antihypertensive therapy is particularly beneficial in older patients with diabetes and isolated systolic hypertension [1].
• METHODS AND RESULTS: In a double-blind study, 24 ESRD patients with LVH were randomized to 12 months' administration of either the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor perindopril (n = 14) or the calcium channel blocker nitrendipine (n = 10) [2].
• The antihypertensive effect of nitrendipine was greater in patients with significant salt and water retention, as indicated by interdialytic body weight gain (delta BW), that is, a significant correlation was observed between delta BW and the decrease in blood pressure (r = 0.72; p less than 0.001) [3].
• Clotrimazole, nitrendipine, and charybdotoxin block T cell activation induced by signals that elicit a rise in intracellular Ca(2+)-e.g., phytohemagglutinin, Con A, and antigens such as Candida albicans and tetanus toxin in a dose-dependent manner [4].
• Nitrendipine binding in congestive heart failure due to myocardial infarction [5].

Psychiatry related information on Bayotensin

• Once or twice daily dosage possible with nitrendipine and nisoldipine offers a convenient administration schedule, which encourages patient compliance in long-term therapy of hypertension [6].
• Cardiovascular reactivity to physical and psychologic stress during long-term treatment with nitrendipine in essential hypertension [7].
• Active treatment in the Syst-Eur trial based on nitrendipine as first step, possibly associated with enalapril and/or hydrochlorthiazide reduced not only stroke and cardiovascular complications but also the incidence of dementia including Alzheimer's disease [8].
• In addition, nitrendipine-based blood pressure-lowering therapy decreased the incidence of dementia [9].
• Patients on Oxprenolol consistently had lower SBP at a particular level of physical activity and at lower levels of arousal than patients on Nitrendipine [10].

High impact information on Bayotensin

• Functionally, 1,4-dihydropyridines such as nifedipine and nitrendipine block Ca channels; this effect is believed to form the basis for their clinical importance as Ca antagonists in relaxing vascular smooth muscle [11].
• Nitrendipine blockade of calcium currents requires doses greater than 100-fold higher than expected from radioligand binding to isolated membranes [12].
• In most neurons, including those from dorsal root ganglia, sympathetic ganglia, spinal cord, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus, nitrendipine and omega-CgTx each blocked a fraction of the high-threshold current, but a substantial fraction of current remained even when the two blockers were applied together at saturating concentrations [13].
• METHODS: 253 renal-transplant patients were recruited: 52 normotensive patients (diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg) were assigned placebo and 57 nitrendipine 5 mg twice daily; 71 hypertensive patients (diastolic blood pressure >90 to <115 mm Hg) were assigned placebo and 73 nitrendipine 10 mg twice daily [14].
• Neurite outgrowth was completely blocked by the L type Ca2+ channel antagonists nifedipine, nitrendipine, D600, or diltiazem at sub- or micromolar concentrations [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Bayotensin

• CONCLUSIONS: In elderly Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension, stepwise antihypertensive drug treatment, starting with the dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker nitrendipine, improved prognosis [16].
• Combination treatment of enalapril with nitrendipine in rats with renovascular hypertension [17].
• Peak contracture was significantly (P less than 0.1) inhibited by diltiazem and nitrendipine compared to controls, respectively values averaging 264 +/- 22 mg, 480 +/- 44 mg and 895 +/- 70 mg [18].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of nitrendipine in comparison with captopril in hypertensive diabetic patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) [19].
• In an open crossover comparison of propranolol and nitrendipine, 19 patients with hypertension received 40 to 160 mg propranolol and 5 to 20 mg nitrendipine twice a day [20].

Biological context of Bayotensin

• Nitrendipine was increased to 20 mg twice daily if the target diastolic blood pressure (<90 mm Hg) was not achieved [14].
• 1 mM La3+, 10 mM Co2+, 50 microM verapamil, and 50 microM nitrendipine (calcium channel antagonists) reversibly inhibited lamellipod formation and cell locomotion in both spontaneously migrating and electrically guided cells [21].
• Nitrendipine reduced systolic and diastolic pressures from 145 +/- 4/95 +/- 3 to 119 +/- 3/78 +/- 2 mm Hg, respectively, (p less than 0.001) through a fall in total peripheral resistance index (46 +/- 4 to 34 +/- 3 units/m2, p less than 0.001) without associated reflex cardiac stimulation [22].
• When cells were held at depolarized membrane potentials at which Ca2+ currents were approximately equal to 70% inactivated, nitrendipine blocked Ca2+ currents very potently, with half-block by subnanomolar concentrations [23].
• Nitrendipine treatment did not influence left ventricular mass (which was positively correlated with delta BW; p less than 0.01) but was associated with an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction [3].

Anatomical context of Bayotensin

• A high-affinity Kd value of 0.2-0.3 nM was found, which seems to correspond to the physiologically functional state of the Ca channel in smooth muscle, since the Kd value is similar to the concentration at which nitrendipine inhibits contraction [24].
• They also prevent a calcium-depleted state in the myocytes caused by the L-type calcium channel blocker nitrendipine [25].
• The release of catecholamines from adrenal chromaffin cells is known to be blocked by dihydropyridines, such as nitrendipine, and enhanced by others, such as BAY K8644 [26].
• Secretion by these cells of the bone matrix protein osteocalcin is stimulated by BAY K 8644 and blocked by desmethoxyverapamil and nitrendipine [27].
• Equilibrium dissociation constants of Bay k 8644, a calcium agonist, and nitrendipine, a calcium antagonist, were determined in canine cardiac sarcolemma [28].

Associations of Bayotensin with other chemical compounds

• Active treatment consisted of nitrendipine (10-40 mg/day) with the possible addition of enalapril (5-20 mg/day), hydrochlorothiazide (12.5-25 mg/day), or both drugs, titrated or combined to reduce the systolic blood pressure by at least 20 mm Hg to reach a value below 150 mm Hg [29].
• Perindopril and nitrendipine induced significant and similar decreases in BP, total peripheral resistance (P < .001), aortic and arterial pulse wave velocities (P < .001), and arterial wave reflections (P < .01) [2].
• The Ca(2+)-activated K(+) current in human T cells is shown by the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique to be highly sensitive to clotrimazole, charybdotoxin, and nitrendipine, but not to ketoconazole [4].
• Both saturation and inhibition binding data suggest that Bay k 8644 and nitrendipine bind to and compete for a high affinity dihydropyridine-binding site present in isolated cardiac sarcolemma preparations [28].
• Preincubation with verapamil, diltiazem, and nitrendipine inhibited vasoconstrictions evoked by ox-LDL, both in the presence and in the absence of a contractile agonist [30].

Gene context of Bayotensin

• We have evaluated the effects of the Ca2+ channel antagonist nitrendipine on tissue LPL and HL in the normal rat [31].
• Effect of the calcium channel antagonist nitrendipine on lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in the normal rat [31].
• However, in contrast to their effect on phosphorylation of TH elicited by acute depolarization, the calcium channel blockers, nitrendipine and verapamil, and the calmodulin antagonists, W7 and trifluoperazine, did not prevent the increase in TH mRNA levels subsequent to several hours exposure to depolarizing stimuli [32].
• This facilitatory action of NPY was mimicked by the dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K 8644 (1 microM), and the enhancement of LHRH-induced LH release by either NPY or Bay K 8644 was prevented by the dihydropyridine antagonist nitrendipine (1 microM) [33].
• The voltage-dependent calcium-channel blocker (VDCC), nitrendipine, suppressed PTH-dependent changes of the sustained [Ca(2+)](i) phase in young and aged animals [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Bayotensin

• Blood pressure, echocardiography, and aortic and peripheral arterial pulse-wave velocity were studied in 40 hypertensive patients on long-term hemodialysis during a 24-week administration of nitrendipine (1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-[m-nitrophenyl]-3,5-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid ethyl methylester) monotherapy [3].
• Pharmacological dissection of whole-cell barium currents revealed that 23% of the current was sensitive to nitrendipine, 35% to omega-conotoxin GVIA, and between 10 and 39% to omega-Aga-IVA [35].
• Chronic denervation produces a further increase in the number of nitrendipine receptors which reaches a factor of about 2 at 15 days of denervation [36].
• Data show that long-term calcium entry blockade by nitrendipine does not modify RBF or GFR despite the decreased renal perfusion pressure [37].
• Heart rate and ejection fraction were similar in both control groups and hypertensive patients before and after nitrendipine [38].

References