Disease relevance of Cranoc

• There were no instances of creatine phosphokinase elevations 10 or more times the upper limit of normal or rhabdomyolysis in the fluvastatin group [1].
• Administration of fluvastatin to nude mice reduced both metastatic tumor formation in the liver and the growth of established liver metastases at doses recommended for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in humans [2].
• The purpose of this study was to compare the prognostic power of new fractal and traditional measures of R-R interval variability as predictors of death after acute myocardial infarction [3].
• METHODS AND RESULTS--Patients in the Lipoprotein and Coronary Atherosclerosis Study (LCAS) had mildly to moderately elevated LDL-C; many also had low HDL-C, providing an opportunity to compare angiographic progression and the benefits of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin in patients with low versus patients with higher HDL-C [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: Clustering of ventricular ectopy, as measured by the fractal dimension, is observed in patients at increased risk of sudden cardiac death [5].

Psychiatry related information on Cranoc

• Fractal geometry predicts varying body size scaling relationships for mammal and bird home ranges [6].
• CONCLUSION: Six weeks of daily, moderate alcohol consumption influenced the metabolism of fluvastatin but did not interfere with its lipid-lowering efficacy and had no adverse effects [7].
• Quantification of occipital EEG changes in Alzheimer's disease utilizing a new metric: the fractal dimension [8].
• The fractal dimension findings paralleled the manifest EEG abnormalities in a way that suggests it has potential clinical utility in metric studies on the EEG, especially when applied to the dementias [8].
• Analysis of sleep-stage characteristics in full-term newborns by means of spectral and fractal parameters [9].

High impact information on Cranoc

• The highly nonrandom character of genomic DNA can confound attempts at modeling DNA sequence variation by standard stochastic processes (including random walk or fractal models) [10].
• In contrast, fluvastatin (mainly metabolized by CYP 2C9) and pravastatin (eliminated by other metabolic routes) are less subject to this interaction [11].
• Treatment of ASPC-1 cells with fluvastatin markedly attenuated the EGF-induced translocation of RhoA from the cytosol to the membrane fraction and caused cell rounding [2].
• Inhibitor of proliferation of arterial smooth-muscle cells by fluvastatin [12].
• Because allosteric proteins constituting receptor channels impose restrictions on the types of model suitable to describe the dynamic response of channels to neurotransmitters, Markovian, non-linear or fractal dynamic models and their possible extension to receptor channel response in excitable membranes are discussed [13].

Chemical compound and disease context of Cranoc

• We studied the effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (fluvastatin and lovastatin) on in vitro invasion of human pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cells [14].
• Measurements included the fractal dimension of Kolmogorov (D(k)), histologic lesions, the area of fibrosis by image analysis, liver hydroxyproline content, messenger RNA fibronectin, serum hyaluronate level, and portal pressure [15].
• CONCLUSIONS: Fluvastatin therapy demonstrated excellent short-term safety and efficacy in reducing total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia [16].
• In conclusion, fluvastatin is a well tolerated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor for the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia [17].
• In conclusion, fluvastatin, both as monotherapy and in combination with niacin, proved to be an effective and well-tolerated alternative for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia [18].

Biological context of Cranoc

• Effects of alcohol and fluvastatin on lipid metabolism and hepatic function [7].
• Fractal analysis of proton exchange kinetics in lysozyme [19].
• A low fractal dimension (clustered ventricular ectopy) is related to changes in heart rate and heart rate variability that are consistent with transient increases in cardiac sympathetic tone [5].
• Fractal correlation properties of R-R interval dynamics and mortality in patients with depressed left ventricular function after an acute myocardial infarction [3].
• Numerous natural network systems, such as rivers and the human vascular and bronchial systems, have fractal structures that are optimal for minimizing energy expenditure during material transport [20].

Anatomical context of Cranoc

• Influence of low HDL on progression of coronary artery disease and response to fluvastatin therapy [4].
• The spatial patterns formed by the growing neurites were analyzed using conventional and fractal measures (Hausdorff dimension, H) of their extent and complexity [21].
• The scaling and fractal properties of the mitochondrial network at the edge of instability agree remarkably well with the idea that mitochondria are organized as a percolation matrix, with reactive oxygen species as a key messenger [22].
• Morphogenesis of the bone marrow: fractal structures and diffusion-limited growth [23].
• Chimeric mosaic patterns in rat livers have been shown to be isotropic and to have fractal profiles (D approximately 1.3) whereas adrenal gland mosaics show a less irregular radial pattern, with lower fractal dimension (D approximately 1.2) than in the liver [24].

Associations of Cranoc with other chemical compounds

• Fluvastatin exhibited the strongest anti-HCV activity (IC50: 0.9 micromol/L), whereas atorvastatin and simvastatin showed moderate inhibitory effects [25].
• Comparing equal-weight doses, simvastatin is twice as effective as pravastatin and lovastatin in LDL-cholesterol lowering, and all three are more effective than fluvastatin according to recent comparative studies [26].
• RESULTS: Fluvastatin reduced, in a concentration-dependent manner (1-10 microM), the adhesion of U937 to HUVECs and the expression of E-selectin and ICAM-1 induced by anti-beta2GPI antibodies as well as by cytokines or LPS [27].
• Another lipophilic statin, pitavastatin, displayed almost the same effects as fluvastatin [28].
• In response to fluvastatin therapy, subjects with DD, compared with those with ID and II genotypes, had a greater reduction in total cholesterol (19% vs. 15% vs. 13%), LDL-C (31% vs. 25% vs. 21%) and apo B (23% vs. 15% vs. 12%) [29].

Gene context of Cranoc

• The consequences of CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms on fluvastatin pharmacokinetics and on its efficacy have not been investigated in humans thus far [30].
• Fluvastatin does not appear to have a significant effect on other CYP isoenzymes or P-glycoprotein-mediated transport in vivo [31].
• Fluvastatin increases the expression of adhesion molecules, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tissue factor in HUVEC stimulated by patient IgG fractions containing antiphospholipid antibodies [32].
• Plasma triglyceride levels (P = 0.044), the mean number of coronary lesions (P = 0.026) and changes in minimum lumen diameter in response to fluvastatin (P = 0.022) were also associated with PPARG haplotypes [33].
• In the absence and presence of lower concentrations (0.1 and 1 ng/ml) of IL-18, pravastatin and fluvastatin inhibited the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and induced the expression of CD40, whereas LFA703 had no effect [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cranoc

• Here we present a new model of home range-body size scaling based on fractal resource distributions, in which resource encounter rates are a function of body size [6].
• We find that giant surface-enhanced Raman scattering for adsorbates on silver surfaces is present only on surfaces that exhibit self-similar fractal topology as inferred from atomic force microscopy [35].
• The treatment effect of fluvastatin on minimum lumen diameter change was significantly greater among low-HDL-C patients than among higher-HDL-C patients (P=0.01); among low-HDL-C patients, fluvastatin patients had improved event-free survival compared with placebo patients [4].
• A single-blind study with fluvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, was conducted in 64 familial hypercholesterolemia patients who had defined apolipoprotein E (apo E) and apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] isoforms [36].
• Inhibition of the thrombogenic and inflammatory properties of antiphospholipid antibodies by fluvastatin in an in vivo animal model [37].

References