Disease relevance of cefmenoxime

• Cefmenoxime concentration/effect relationships were retrospectively explored for gram-negative bacteria isolated from 14 critical care patients treated for nosocomial pneumonia [1].
• Influence of cefmenoxime, ceftriaxone, latamoxef, and ceftazidime on the lysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae: a light and electron microscopic study [2].
• Therefore, an open clinical trial was initiated to determine if cefmenoxime alone is useful in serious nosocomial pneumonias [3].
• Cefmenoxime was less active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter species, and Bacteroides fragilis (MIC50 = 16 micrograms/ml) [4].
• Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cefmenoxime were determined and all pathogens were inhibited by 12.5 micrograms/ml or less, except for Enterobacter cloacae and Acinetobacter species, both of which had an MIC of 25.0 micrograms/ml [5].

High impact information on cefmenoxime

• Cefmenoxime efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics in critical care patients with nosocomial pneumonia [3].
• The in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (SCE-1365 or A-50912), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, was determined for a broad spectrum of 1,234 organisms isolated as part of a multiclinic study [4].
• The effects of cefmenoxime concentrations on in vitro growth kinetics of 21 isolated pathogens were studied using the Abbott MS-2 Research System, from which a dynamic response concentration was derived [1].
• Concentration levels of cefmenoxime were studied in human bone, muscle, fascia, cerebrospinal fluid, and synovial fluid [6].
• Cefmenoxime achieved clinical and bacteriologic cures in 92 and 83 percent, respectively, of 12 patients with pneumonia and in 100 and 82 percent of 11 patients with urinary tract infections [7].

Chemical compound and disease context of cefmenoxime

• An intravenous dose of cefmenoxime (0.5 to 1 g every six hours) or cefoxitin (1 to 2 g every six hours) was administered to patients suspected of having serious bacterial infections [8].
• The activities of E1040 against most species of the family Enterobacteriaceae were roughly comparable to the activities of ceftazidime and cefmenoxime and exceeded that of cefotiam [9].
• Two beta-lactam antibiotics, cefazolin and cefmenoxime, were administered for 7 days to mice with pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae by using dosage regimens that would simulate multiple dosing in usual clinical treatments at dosing intervals of 8 or 12 h [10].
• Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cefmenoxime showed activity two to four times that of sulbenicillin and carbenicillin but less than that of cefsulodin [11].
• Cefmenoxime was active against cephaloridine-resistant species, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which was moderately resistant to cefmenoxime [12].

Biological context of cefmenoxime

• Cefmenoxime pharmacokinetics were investigated in six healthy volunteers after intravenous and intramuscular administration of 0.5, 1, and 2 g [13].
• Linearity of cefmenoxime kinetics was demonstrated because the area under the plasma concentrations is proportional to studied doses [13].
• Cefmenoxime plasma and tissue concentrations were significantly higher in patients undergoing open heart surgery [14].
• Tissue samples were taken 30 to 50 minutes after intravenous injection of 2,000 mg of cefmenoxime just before operation in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery [6].
• Intramuscular cefmenoxime is rapidly absorbed (Ka = 7.28 hours-1) with complete bioavailability (F = 0.99); apparent volume of distribution is 0.35 liters/kg-1 and elimination half-life 1.5 hours [13].

Anatomical context of cefmenoxime

• Cefmenoxime levels were assayed microbiologically in serum, milk, amniotic fluid, and placental tissues [15].
• Clinical results and concentrations of cefmenoxime in serum, amniotic fluid, mother's milk, and umbilical cord [15].
• Penetration of cefmenoxime into serum, gynecologic tissues, and heart valves [14].
• Cefmenoxime in surgical infections: treatment and penetration into peritoneal fluid and wound secretions [16].
• Subcutaneous tissue and muscle concentrations varied between 2.7 and 38.0 micrograms/g. Cefmenoxime concentrations in cardiac valvular tissue were higher than those in muscle and fat [14].

Associations of cefmenoxime with other chemical compounds

• In serum, the elimination half-life of ceftriaxone was twice as much as the elimination half-life of cefotiam or cefmenoxime (2.8 +/- 0.45 versus 1.4 +/- 0.25 or 1.3 +/- 0.4 h, respectively) [17].
• The results of this study indicate that tubular secretion is the predominant mechanism of clearance for cefmenoxime and that probenecid alters the pharmacokinetics of the compound by competitively inhibiting its tubular secretion without affecting either the rate or the extent of its distribution [18].
• When intact cells were treated with cefmenoxime, cephalothin, or cefoxitin, the MGICs correlated with the concentration of unlabeled beta-lactam required to reduce the subsequent binding of [35S]benzylpenicillin by 50% (ED50) for PBP 6 [19].
• For patients with pathogen eradication, a significant difference between the two studies in time to eradication was found: 4.8 days for cefmenoxime-treated patients and 1.4 days for CIP- or TAZ-treated patients (P < 0.001) [20].
• The in-vitro antibacterial activity of L-105 against clinical isolates of 18 bacterial species was compared with those of cefmenoxime, cefoperazone and cefazolin [21].

Gene context of cefmenoxime

• Cefmenoxime was an inducer of P. vulgaris beta-lactamase biosynthesis, but 1 microgram or more of the drug per ml, which inhibits most of the clinical isolates of P. vulgaris, was required for the production of detectable amounts of the enzyme [12].
• In Escherichia coli cefmenoxime showed marked affinity for penicillin-binding protein 3 (PBP-3), followed by PBP-1 (1A and 1B) [11].
• For patients experiencing bacterial eradication, the rates of clinical change for cefmenoxime and CIP or TAZ treatment were similar (P = 0.77) [20].
• In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of cefmenoxime [22].
• We investigated the synergistic effects of romurtide (MDP-Lys [L18]) and cefmenoxime (CMX) in the treatment of experimental Klebsiella pneumonia in mice [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of cefmenoxime

• Cefmenoxime peak (one hour) and trough concentrations were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and averaged 58 and 7 micrograms ml, respectively [3].
• The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefmenoxime required to inhibit at least 90 percent of strains tested (MIC90) ranged from 0.12 to 8 micrograms/ml for Enterobacteriaceae [4].
• Twenty-nine women received 7 g of cefmenoxime before abdominal or vaginal hysterectomy; 20 adult patients received 2 g of cefmenoxime 24 hours and immediately before open heart surgery [14].
• Fifteen patients who underwent elective gastrointestinal surgery received an intravenous drip infusion of cefmenoxime (2 g) over 1 h prior to surgery [24].
• Pharmacokinetics of cefmenoxime in patients with impaired renal function and in those undergoing hemodialysis [25].

References