Disease relevance of Ascitic Fluid

• To assess the importance of bacteremic pneumococcal disease among the population of one "average" American community, we studied all hospitalized patients who had Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from blood, CSF, pleural fluid, or ascitic fluid during the years 1978 through 1981 in Huntington, WVa, and environs [1].
• We have identified a soluble form of the human urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) receptor (uPAR) in the ascitic fluids from patients with ovarian cancer [2].
• Suppressive factors in ascitic fluids and sera of mice bearing ascites tumors [3].
• Biologically active and immunoreactive TGF alpha was measured in the pleural effusions or in the ascitic fluids from 37 noncancer and 63 cancer patients [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: Cirrhotic patients with low ascitic fluid protein levels (</=1 g /dL) and high bilirubin level and/or low platelet count are at high risk of developing a first episode of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis during long-term follow-up [5].

Psychiatry related information on Ascitic Fluid

• In the approach to patients with low gradient ascites, ascitic fluid glucose, and LDH level are useful indicators for decision making [6].

High impact information on Ascitic Fluid

• C5a-inhibitor deficiency in peritoneal fluids from patients with familial Mediterranean fever [7].
• Intraperitoneal injection of pristane (2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane) is a standard technique for obtaining monoclonal antibody-enriched ascitic fluid [8].
• Neutralization of the inhibitory factor was achieved by pretreatment with ascitic fluid or with the sera raised against those (EL-4(G-)-derived materials which contained viruses [9].
• Among several cytokines surveyed in peritoneal fluid and serum, IL-6 is highly and differentially expressed in DPPI(-/-) mice compared with DPPI(+/+) mice [10].
• BACKGROUND: Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates ovarian tumor growth at concentrations present in ascitic fluid [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ascitic Fluid

• Ascitic fluid concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids, were compared with ascitic fluid total protein in 40 patients with chronic liver disease, 51 patients with various neoplasms and 1 patient with cardiac failure [12].
• Chylous ascites (6.7%) was characterized by a milky appearance, negative cytology and an elevated ascitic fluid triglyceride concentration [13].
• Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid may be an effective first-line therapy for ascitic fluid infection in cirrhosis [14].
• In the remaining patients, signs and symptoms of infection were promptly controlled, and ascitic fluid cultures became negative after 48 hr in all cases, except in one patient from the aztreonam group, who was a clinical failure [15].
• Cells derived from the ovarian surface epithelium of women undergoing oophorectomy (n = 7) for nonovarian indications or with a germ-line BRCA1 or 2 mutation (n = 9), and from the ascitic fluid of patients with primary ovarian cancer (n = 8) were cultured with and without DHT [16].

Biological context of Ascitic Fluid

• The effect of pepstatin on the kinetics of ascitic fluid accumulation in L1210 tumor-bearing mice (DBA/2) was observed [17].
• During tumor growth, the concentration of plasminogen in the ascitic fluid decreased inversely to the total packed cell volume [18].
• In a prospective randomized study, selective intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin was performed during hospitalization in 32 cirrhotic patients with low ascitic fluid total protein levels [19].
• Cardiac output and heart rate remained unchanged after both ANF monoclonal antibody and control ascitic fluid [20].
• Recombinant HGF, serum, and peritoneal fluid of peritonitic patients caused mesothelial cell growth, detachment, transformation from epithelial to fibroblast-like shape, overexpression of vimentin, and synthesis of type I and III collagen [21].

Anatomical context of Ascitic Fluid

• LAK cell activity was detectable in the peritoneal fluid for the duration of each treatment cycle and did not disappear until IL-2 was discontinued [22].
• The ascitic fluid was analyzed for pH, PO2, PCO2 glucose, protein, specific gravity, amylase, lactic dehydrogenase, white blood cell count, polymorphonuclear count, and cytology [23].
• Immunoperoxidase staining showed enhanced EGFR expression in a cell subpopulation among the original (uncultured) ascitic fluid cells from which the DiFi cell line was established [24].
• We found the increase in IL-10 in ascitic fluid and IL-10 mRNA expression in macrophages in parallel with the TGF-beta level and tumor progression [25].
• Macrophages were prepared from peritoneal fluid of thioglycolate-treated mice carrying either a wild-type or a disrupted TLR4-encoding gene and were examined for their ability to phagocytose apoptotic mouse thymocytes, apoptotic Jurkat T cells, Ig-opsonized mouse thymocytes, Ig-opsonized zymosan particles, and latex beads [26].

Associations of Ascitic Fluid with chemical compounds

• From these, seven lines of RMS were obtained as xenografts, each retaining the histologic characteristics of the tumor of origin and human lactate dehydrogenase isozymes; these represented 6 of the 11 surgical specimens, whereas one line originated from the transplanted cells from ascitic fluid [27].
• Cells grown in the ascitic fluid were very sensitive to cortisol inhibition of tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd) incorporation [28].
• Repeated low doses (10 mg/kg) of taumustine promoted a 250% increase in life-span for mice bearing P388 (intraperitoneal), the absence of ascitic fluid from day 4 onward, and the presence of pulmonary emboli from day 5 onward [29].
• In multivariate analysis (Cox's regression model) including only variables commonly used in clinical practice, ascitic fluid protein concentration and serum bilirubin level independently correlated with first SBP development [30].
• Peak serum levels and trough serum and ascitic fluid levels of ofloxacin and cefotaxime measured on days 3 (23 patients) and 6 (11 patients) of therapy were greater than the minimal inhibitory concentration of isolated organisms [31].

Gene context of Ascitic Fluid

• The MMP inhibitor batimastat (BB-94) reduced VEGF release and ascitic fluid formation [32].
• Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha induce ascitic fluid in mice [33].
• Thus, it is possible that peritoneal effusion associated with disseminated tumors is, at least in part, due to EGF-like materials (most likely TGF-alpha) produced by tumor cells [33].
• Tumor cell-specific BRCA1 and RASSF1A hypermethylation in serum, plasma, and peritoneal fluid from ovarian cancer patients [34].
• In ascitic fluids from patients with ovarian carcinoma (n = 12), significantly higher levels of CXCL8 and CCL18 (2.0 versus 0.7 ng/ml (p = 0.01) and 120 versus 44 ng/ml (p = 0.0002), respectively) were detected compared with those in nonovarian carcinoma patients (n = 12) [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ascitic Fluid

• The immunoreactivity of the purified uPAR from the ascitic fluid is indistinguishable from that of characterized uPAR, demonstrated by Western blotting with three different anti-uPAR monoclonal antibodies [2].
• Very close correlation was noted for phosphorus, uric acid, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, potassium, bicarbonate, and sodium (r greater than 0.82, p less than 10(-6)), and we conclude that peritoneal fluid may be useful for monitoring these chemistries [36].
• For this purpose, the high-molecular-mass fibrin degradation products (HMM-XDP) were isolated from malignant ascitic fluid by protamine sulfate precipitation and further purified by gel filtration and acid precipitation [37].
• Variations in serum and ascitic fluid of C3 and C4 and ascitic fluid total protein after therapy were compared with those of a control group of 14 untreated patients with similar characteristics [38].
• Curve analysis of the opsonic activity compared to the ascitic fluid concentration of total protein, total hemolytic complement, C3 and C4 yielded correlation coefficients of 0.84 (p less than 0.001), 0.84 (p less than 0.001), 0.94 (p less than 0.001) and 0.92 (p less than 0.001), respectively [39].

References