Disease relevance of Chlorprocainum

• 2. Forty-eight hours (h) following extraneural administration of 1 ml volumes, significant edema was produced by all solutions containing 3% 2-chloroprocaine, but not with 0.2% bisulfite in sodium chloride or with sodium chloride alone [1].
• Transient cardiovascular toxicity with unintentional intravascular injection of 3% 2-chloroprocaine in a 2-month-old infant [2].
• Back pain after epidural anesthesia with chloroprocaine [3].
• BACKGROUND: Neurologic deficits after apparent intrathecal injection of 3% Nesacaine-CE intended for epidural administration created concern about the potential toxicity of chloroprocaine and the preservative sodium bisulfite [4].
• However, chloroprocaine can be employed safely in normal pregnancies if maternal hypotension is corrected rapidly [5].

Psychiatry related information on Chlorprocainum

• Furthermore, chloroprocaine DPNB approximates the effectiveness of lidocaine, as was evident from decreased change from baseline cry duration, tissue oxygenation, and heart rate during the most stressful events, particularly in the 3-minute wait chloroprocaine group [6].

High impact information on Chlorprocainum

• Letter: chloroprocaine and pseudocholinesterase deficiency [7].
• Panic disorder following 2-chloroprocaine [8].
• Epidural catheters were placed in the T12-L1 or L1-L2 interspaces pre-operatively, the position of the catheter was confirmed with 3% chloroprocaine with epinephrine 1:200,000, and sensory testing was carried out until levels had receded to below T12 [9].
• The authors studied the effects of decreasing fetal pH on the rate of maternal to fetal (M-->F) clearances of lidocaine, bupivacaine, 2-chloroprocaine, and antipyrine (a nonionic marker of placental transfer) across the isolated, dual perfused, human placental cotyledon [10].
• Bupivacaine and 2-chloroprocaine epidural anesthesia significantly attenuated increases in plasma catecholamines, but lidocaine epidural anesthesia did not [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Chlorprocainum

• CONCLUSIONS: Large doses (> or = 40 ml) of chloroprocaine containing EDTA resulted in a greater incidence of deep burning lumbar back pain [3].
• In order to define the causal relationship between the use of local anesthetics and fetal bradycardia, paracervical block anesthesia (PCB) with lidocaine of 2-chloroprocaine was induced on 52 occasions to 27 pregnant baboons [12].
• Three of the eight monkeys had lumbar subpial demyelination with macrophage invasion; two had received bupivacaine, and one received 2-chloroprocaine [13].
• The effects of cimetidine (5-200 mg/kg), ranitidine (1-100 mg/kg), or saline on local anesthetic central nervous system toxicity was studied when administered 20 min before the administration of lidocaine (30-80 mg/kg) or 2-chloroprocaine (50-250 mg/kg) to female white CD-1 mice [14].
• Comparison of acute central nervous system and cardiovascular toxicity of 2-chloroprocaine and prilocaine in the rat [15].

Biological context of Chlorprocainum

• Using the ultraviolet spectrophotometric method, values of the Michaelis-Menton constant (Km) and maximal reaction velocity (Vmax) for hydrolysis of procaine and 2-chloroprocaine by homozygous typical, heterozygous, and homozygous atypical plasma cholinesterase were determined [16].
• A prolonged chloroprocaine epidural block in a postpartum patient with abnormal pseudocholinesterase [17].
• The Kms for the three genotypes were 5.0, 6.2, and 14.7 microM, respectively, for procaine, and 8.2, 17, and 103 microM, respectively for 2-chloroprocaine [16].
• Using this technique it was established that chloroprocaine with and without 0.2% sodium bisulfite blocks the monosynaptic reflex in a fully reversible manner [18].
• Kinetics of local anesthetic esters and the effects of adjuvant drugs on 2-chloroprocaine hydrolysis [16].

Anatomical context of Chlorprocainum

• A comparison of procaine, chloroprocaine, cocaine, tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin on B and C fibers showed similar effects [19].
• Chloroprocaine effects in six studies were limited to alteration of responses recorded from the dorsal root zone and peripheral nerve [20].
• Repeated rat sciatic nerve blocks were placed by percutaneous injection of 2-chloroprocaine [21].
• The pharmacologic data indicated that 2-chloroprocaine was nondetectable at delivery in maternal and umbilical cord vein; one patient had trace levels in the cord [22].
• The fusogenic effect of chloroprocaine on cell membrane has not been previously described for any local anesthetic [23].

Associations of Chlorprocainum with other chemical compounds

• However, prior injection of 2-chloroprocaine, but not lidocaine, significantly decreases the duration of analgesia achieved with this BFE mixture [24].
• Comparison of a chloroprocaine--bupivacaine mixture with chloroprocaine and bupivacaine used individually for obstetric epidural analgesia [25].
• Chloroprocaine, 0.5 per cent, with physiologic saline solution, has a specific gravity of 1.007 and a osmolarity of 283 mOsm/l, which increase to a specific gravity of 1.025 and an osmolarity of 542 mOsm/l when chloroprocaine is prepared in dextrose, 5 per cent [26].
• Evoked potential response alterations measured from electrodes positioned along the conducting pathways were assessed in six monkeys following epidural injections of 0.5 per cent bupivacaine, 3 per cent chloroprocaine, and 1 per cent etidocaine [20].
• Factors proposed to contribute to this problem are: 1) the preservative disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 2) large volumes of chloroprocaine, 3) low pH of chloroprocaine, and 4) local infiltration with chloroprocaine [3].

Gene context of Chlorprocainum

• pH-adjusted 2-chloroprocaine for epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing postpartum tubal ligation [27].
• Preservative- and antioxidant-free formulations of chloroprocaine are available and are being investigated for short-duration spinal anesthesia [28].
• Each day, epidural anesthesia (approximately T11 level) was induced using 2% 2-chloroprocaine [29].
• A CD50 dose of local anesthetic (causing convulsions in 50% of mice) was fatal in 90% of bupivacaine-induced seizures, in 57% of the chloroprocaine group, and in 6% of the lidocaine group [30].
• Procaine, sodium bisulfite (the antioxidant present in the commercial solutions of chloroprocaine), and the two chloroprocaine metabolites, chloroaminobenzoic acid and diethylaminoethanol, were nonfusogenic [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chlorprocainum

• Paracervical block with low doses of chloroprocaine. Fetal and maternal effects [32].
• Measurement of chloroprocaine and procaine in plasma by flame ionization gas-liquid chromatography [33].
• Effects of concentration and volume of 2-chloroprocaine on epidural anesthesia in volunteers [34].
• Chloroprocaine antagonism of epidural opioid analgesia: a receptor-specific phenomenon [35]?
• The pH adjustment of 2-chloroprocaine hastens the onset of epidural analgesia [36].

References