Disease relevance of PAND1

• Panic disorder, which is found in about 1.5 percent of the population at some time in their lives, includes recurrent episodes of sudden, unpredictable, intense fear accompanied by symptoms such as palpitations, chest pain, and faintness [1].
• Panic disorder in patients with mitral valve prolapse [2].
• Panic disorder subjects exhibited significantly greater rises in brain lactate than comparison subjects in response to the same level of hyperventilation [3].
• Panic disorder was equally prevalent among patients with and without vestibular disease [4].
• Panic disorder and the menstrual cycle: panic disorder patients, healthy control subjects, and patients with premenstrual syndrome [5].

Psychiatry related information on PAND1

• Panic disorder was associated with an increased risk of agoraphobia and major depression in all countries [6].
• CONTEXT: Panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder are prevalent in primary care, associated with poor functional outcomes, and are often unrecognized and ineffectively treated by primary care physicians [7].
• Panic disorder and major depression. Increased risk of depression, alcoholism, panic, and phobic disorders in families of depressed probands with panic disorder [8].
• Panic disorder in the parents conferred more than a threefold increased risk of separation anxiety in the children [9].
• Participants in the recently convened National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on the Treatment of Panic Disorder noted this problem and recommended establishment of procedures to ensure comparability of studies [10].

High impact information on PAND1

• CONCLUSIONS: Panic disorder is associated with reductions in total occipital cortex GABA levels [11].
• Panic disorder, substance abuse, and thyroid disease were all unrelated to episode frequency [12].
• Panic disorder was present in 17% of the relatives with recurrent major affective disorder and in 3% of the relatives without recurrent major affective disorder [13].
• Panic disorder was significantly associated with the L allele and L/L genotype [14].
• RESULTS: Panic disorder patients had a higher rate of CO(2)-induced panic attacks than depressed patients and normal subjects, whose panic rates were not distinguishable [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of PAND1

• BACKGROUND: A genetic component has a role in the etiology of Panic Disorder (PD) and a familial association between PD and CO2 hypersensitivity have been repeatedly described [16].
• Panic disorder patients who had a panic attack compared to patients who did not have a panic attack at the time of the scan had a decrease in benzodiazepine receptor binding in prefrontal cortex [17].
• Carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation induces acute anxiety and panic attacks in patients with Panic Disorder (PD) [18].
• Panic disorder patients had an exaggerated response to the caffeine challenge that was not found in controls or PTSD patients, although the latter had higher anxiety scores on psychometric tests [19].
• RESULTS: Panic disorder patients had higher serum cholesterol than panic disorder patients with major depression and normal controls [20].

Biological context of PAND1

• Panic disorder patients responded to lactate infusions during stage 3-4 sleep with greater increases in heart rate and oxygen saturation, and possibly in respiratory rate and end-tidal PCO2, than comparison subjects [21].
• Panic disorder: diagnosis, epidemiology, and clinical course [22].
• Association of the Val158Met Catechol O-Methyltransferase Genetic Polymorphism with Panic Disorder [23].
• Panic disorder: diagnosis and treatment in emergency medicine [24].
• BACKGROUND: Panic disorder, with and without agoraphobia, is a prevalent condition presenting in general practice [25].

Anatomical context of PAND1

• Panic disorder in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries [26].
• CONCLUSIONS: Panic disorder may be due to an inherently unstable autonomic nervous system, coupled with cognitive distress [27].
• Panic disorder patients also had increased numbers of CD19 cells (B lymphocytes), human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR-presenting cells, and more cells with the combination of HLA-DR and CD19 surface markers (B lymphocytes with HLA-DR on their surface) [28].
• Panic disorder is also associated with mitral-valve prolapse and temporal lobe seizures [29].
• Panic disorder, interstitial cystitis, and mast cells [30].

Associations of PAND1 with chemical compounds

• Panic disorder subtypes: differential responses to CO2 challenge [31].
• Panic disorder following 2-chloroprocaine [32].
• Panic disorder in a patient taking oxaprozin [33].
• Panic disorder and the procaine in penicillin G [34].
• Panic disorder appears related to depression along several dimensions, including prevalence of low TSH response to TRH [35].

Other interactions of PAND1

• Intravenous CCK, a naturally occurring neuropeptide in the brain, has been found to induce the emotional and somatic symptoms of panic in both Panic Disorder (PD) and Normal Control (NC) subjects in a dose-dependent and reproducible fashion [36].
• We studied 22 normal controls and 95 outpatients who met criteria for Panic Disorder with and without lifetime Major Depression, and Major Depression or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder without lifetime Panic Disorder [37].
• Patients with Major Affective Disorder (MAD), Secondary Depression, Panic Disorder, and bulimia with and without MAD, were given the Eating Disorder Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the General Behavior Inventory at presentation [38].
• Trained interviewers administered the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic Statistical Manual IV (DSM-IV) modules for Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and a detailed questionnaire regarding mental health service utilization [39].
• Panic disorder and idiopathic cardiomyopathy [40].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PAND1

• Panic disorder (PD) and asthma share many common characteristics and have been found in epidemiological studies to be significantly comorbid [41].
• Panic disorder: long-term pharmacotherapy and discontinuation [42].
• Panic disorder, anxiety and depression in resistant hypertension--a case-control study [43].
• Panic disorder in women: a population-based twin study [44].
• Panic disorder with or without agoraphobia has been the subject of sustained treatment-outcome research [45].

References