Disease relevance of Injections, Epidural

• In contrast, the potency of clonidine to reduce capsaicin-induced allodynia was similar between the two routes of injection, and for hyperalgesia, clonidine was only slightly more potent after intrathecal than epidural injection [1].
• METHODS: Three epidural injections (two day intervals) of 2 ml prednisolone acetate (50 mg) or 2 ml isotonic saline were administered to patients with sciatica presumably due to a disk herniation lasting 15-180 days [2].
• Parturients received intrathecal bupivacaine 12-15 mg and fentanyl 10 mug for spinal anesthesia and a single epidural injection of either 5 mg of standard (conventional preservative-free) morphine or 5, 10, or 15 mg of extended-release morphine after cord clamping for postoperative pain control [3].
• Back pain associated with the epidural injection of fentanyl [4].
• A case is described of an extensive block and hypotension which occurred after inadvertent dural puncture and subsequent epidural injection of bupivacaine [5].

Psychiatry related information on Injections, Epidural

• The present report describes a patient with alcohol abuse who was treated for 5 days with extradural injections of bupivacaine for pain from multiple rib fractures [6].

High impact information on Injections, Epidural

• He then underwent epidural injection of 60 mg of methylprednisolone [7].
• Temporary pain relief occurred with an epidural injection of the local anesthetic lidocaine [8].
• Tolerance to pain and sensitivity to rising concentrations of inhaled carbon dioxide were measured before and after administration of methadone, 5 mg, or hydromorphone, 0.5 mg, by the intravenous route and by epidural injection in the lumbar or upper thoracic region in 5 subjects [9].
• Inadvertent caudal epidural injection of cefazolin [10].
• METHODS: 200 consecutive patients referred to a pain clinic for an epidural injection of steroid were randomly allocated to one of two groups [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Injections, Epidural

• The purpose of this study was to determine if epidural injections of lidocaine are sufficient to cause arachnoiditis [12].
• Twenty ASA physical status I or II children aged 1-7 yr undergoing elective hypospadias repair were randomized after the induction of general anesthesia to receive a single caudal epidural injection of 2 mg/kg of either ropivacaine 0.2% (R) or bupivacaine 0.2% (B) in a double-blinded fashion [13].
• Lysis of adhesions and epidural injection of steroid/local anaesthetic during epiduroscopy potentially alleviate low back and leg pain in elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis [14].
• The cause of the neurologic deficits may have been the 1.5 percent benzyl alcohol preservative contained in an 0.9 percent saline solution used for postdelivery epidural injection [15].
• In the EA group, epidural injection caused an 85% decrease in the epinephrine concentration (P <0.05) and a 39% decrease in the norepinephrine concentration (P <0.05), even during hypercapnic acidosis [16].

Biological context of Injections, Epidural

• Monitoring maternal heart rate during epidural injection of a test dose containing epinephrine [17].
• Blood pressure decreased earlier following intrathecal than following epidural injection, corresponding with higher CSF clonidine concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)[18]
• Therefore we examined the systemic absorption kinetics after epidural injection of alfentanil [19].
• Evoked potential response alterations measured from electrodes positioned along the conducting pathways were assessed in six monkeys following epidural injections of 0.5 per cent bupivacaine, 3 per cent chloroprocaine, and 1 per cent etidocaine [20].
• Cardiac output remained above baseline (P less than 0.01) after epidural injection of lidocaine in the ritodrine-lidocaine group [21].

Anatomical context of Injections, Epidural

• METHODS: In 15 healthy volunteers, a lumbar epidural catheter was inserted and multiunit postganglionic sympathetic activity was recorded in a skin or muscle fascicle of the peroneal nerve before and after epidural injection of clonidine [22].
• Cervical or lumbar epidural catheters were inserted for patients with upper or lower extremity RSD, respectively, and patients received, in random order on three consecutive days, epidural injection of clonidine, 300 or 700 micrograms, or placebo [23].
• Integrated EMG intensity did not differ significantly following epidural injection of warm and cold lidocaine: tremor started when tympanic membrane temperature decreased about 0.5 degrees C and continued until central temperature returned to within 0.5 degrees C of control [24].
• Following the epidural injection, phenylephrine (PHE) and nitroglycerin (NTG) were employed to alter the stimulation of baroreceptor sites before and during application of lower body positive pressure (LBPP) [25].
• Sixty children (7 months-20 yr; mean 6.5 yr, median 7-8 yr, mode 1-2 yr) undergoing major surgery received a balanced technique of general anaesthesia combined with bupivacaine as a single injection extradural or peripheral nerve block [26].

Associations of Injections, Epidural with chemical compounds

• T9L-T5L and T9L-SMC potentials were abolished or severely attenuated following direct subarachnoid or epidural injection of bupivacaine at T7 [27].
• Epidural injections of bupivacaine, morphine, fentanyl, lofentanil, and DADL in chronically implanted rats: a pharmacologic and pathologic study [28].
• RESULTS: After epidural injection of clonidine (3 micrograms/kg) the resting level of skin sympathetic activity decreased to 18 +/- 5% (n = 6; P < 0.001), muscle sympathetic activity expressed as bursts/min to 41 +/- 12% (n = 7; P < 0.01), and integrated muscle sympathetic activity to 41 +/- 13% (n = 7; P < 0.01) of control values after 30 min [22].
• Systemic absorption and block after epidural injection of ropivacaine in healthy volunteers [29].
• Thirty-six healthy adult white rabbits received 0.3 ml/kg epidural injections of either lactated Ringer's solution (negative control group), 1% lidocaine containing methylprednisolone acetate (study group), or normal saline containing talc (positive control group) [30].

Gene context of Injections, Epidural

• Results were contrasted to those observed after midthoracic (T6-T9, n = 13) and lumbar (L2-T12, n = 10) epidural injection of an identical dose of bupivacaine or saline (n = 10) [31].
• Epidural injection of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor attenuates pain-related behavior following application of nucleus pulposus to the nerve root in the rat [32].
• However, within 50 min after the bolus epidural injection of somatostatin, the concentration per ml perfusate increased from 0.1 +/- 0.02 ng/ml to 138 +/- 102 ng/ml (P less than 0.001) and declined to 4 +/- 1.7 ng/ml after 120 min [33].
• Epidural injection does cause an increase in CSF pressure [34].
• The epidural injection of a bolus of 250 micrograms somatostatin followed by continuous epidural infusion provided complete postoperative relief of pain in eight patients who had undergone abdominal surgery; no other analgesics were required [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Injections, Epidural

• We conclude that epidural injection of 10-30 micrograms sufentanil added to 0.125% bupivacaine with epinephrine (1:800,000) improved the quality of analgesia during labor and reduced the incidence of instrumental deliveries without jeopardizing the safety of the baby [36].
• After epidural injection of 0.68 mg deuterium-labeled alfentanil (alfentanil-d5), 1 mg unlabeled alfentanil was administered over 1 h by an intravenous infusion [19].
• Levels of sensory (pinprick) and somatic motor blockade were measured in a double-blind study of 30 volunteers given single epidural injections of 1%, 0.75%, and 0.5% ropivacaine [37].
• Reversal of bupivacaine epidural anesthesia by intermittent epidural injections of crystalloid solutions [38].
• The degree of pain was assessed by use of a visual analogue scale in 20 patients in established labour before and after the epidural injection of pethidine 50 mg with adrenaline 1:200,000 [39].

References