Disease relevance of Specific Gravity

• Quantitative determination of bacteriuria and pyuria and bacterial species; urine leukocyte esterase test; specific gravity; creatinine levels; vaginal leukocytes; and in-vitro culture of urine [1].
• Low attenuation values in CCT correlate better with changes in specific gravity, rather than water in infarcts, but they have a close relationship to water content in edema [2].
• Indomethacin inhibited the increase in the levels of these arachidonic acid metabolites but did not alter brain swelling as judged by a decrease in specific gravity after 6 hours occlusion [3].
• Sodium-deficient kittens exhibited anorexia, impaired growth, polydypsia, polyuria, hemoconcentration, reduced urinary sodium output and specific gravity, and elevated aldosterone concentration in plasma and output in urine [4].
• To determine the factors which may alter NMR relaxation times in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions we measured the proton T1 and T2, specific gravity (SG), and histology in the central nervous system (CNS; 13-19 levels per animal) in the myelin basic protein (MBP) and CNS-induced acute and relapsing EAE models in 44 juvenile Hartley guinea pigs [5].

Psychiatry related information on Specific Gravity

• MEASUREMENTS: Plasma AVP, urine and plasma osmolality, urine volume and specific gravity were measured during water deprivation tests and hypertonic saline infusion [6].
• The best process combination was 100% catalyst quantity (based on oil weight) with 56:1 molar ratio of methanol to oil at temperature of 30 degrees C, which reduced product specific gravity from an initial value of 0.912 to a final value of 0.8637 in about 4h of reaction time [7].

High impact information on Specific Gravity

• However, a low specific gravity of urine (study group vs. control group, 23 vs. 7 per cent) and a raised level of serum creatinine (6.7 vs. 0.9 per cent) were significantly more frequent in the study group (P less than 0.001) [8].
• RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity in a particle with a specific gravity of 1.16 g/cm3 indicated the presence of an RNA type C virus [9].
• High urine specific gravity induced by carbenicillin [10].
• Lower urinary specific gravity (P = 0.015), and leukocyturia (P<0.001) were frequently associated features of indinavir nephropathy [11].
• Stroke index score, infarct volume, cerebral specific gravity, and the endogenous expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, and membrane type 1-MMP in the brain tissue were quantified in the ischemic and matched contralateral nonischemic hemisphere [12].

Chemical compound and disease context of Specific Gravity

• In both experimental groups glutamine was elevated in cerebral white matter, cerebral gray matter, and basal ganglia, whereas brain tissue specific gravity decreased in all brain regions, indicating edema formation [13].
• In this study, we examined the effect of four i.v. fluids (250 mL/kg) on blood glucose and osmolality and brain tissue specific gravity after closed head trauma (CHT) in rats [14].
• There was no difference in birth weight, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, electrolytes, or urine specific gravity between fed and fasted animals [15].
• We estimated physical stress by using a commercially available pedometer to measure the distance walked, by using ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring to determine arrhythmias and by determining urine specific gravity and ketone levels to estimate hydration [16].
• Edema was quantitatively measured in cortex, gyral white matter, and central (deep) white matter at 3, 24, 48, and 72 hours, with and without dexamethasone, by determining specific gravity (density) of samples in a continuous gradient column [17].

Biological context of Specific Gravity

• Systemic effects were minor and included a gain in weight and a reduction in hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, serum protein, albumin, bilirubin, and specific gravity of urine [18].
• A technique for measuring focal cerebral blood flow (CBF) and brain specific gravity (SG) in gerbils is described; CO2 reactivity and autoregulation were tested [19].
• There was no significant change for up to 96 hours after urography in results of hematology, clinical chemistry, or urinalysis, except for an increase of 0.005 in urine specific gravity with Renografin-60 [20].
• Unilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy performed at 4 weeks of age neither increased the incidence of major BBB opening to Evans blue-albumin nor altered the specific gravity of the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere in grown-up SHRSP, furthermore, the blood pressure remained unchanged [21].
• Urinary adrenaline and noradrenaline, diuresis, pH and specific gravity were measured [22].

Anatomical context of Specific Gravity

• Regional cerebral blood flow was monitored by the hydrogen clearance method and water content was evaluated by specific gravity measurements after 3 hours of recirculation; the status of the blood-brain barrier was assessed with Evans blue tracer [23].
• Eosinophils in BAL from antigen-challenged sites were markedly increased compared with control diluent-challenged BAL sites (0.3% +/- 1% vs 28.1% +/- 9.7%, n = 12, p < 0.002), and a greater percentage were hypodense (specific gravity < 1.080 gm/ml) than in peripheral blood (51.3 +/- 5.3 vs 19.0 +/- 4.4, n = 15, p < 0.01) [24].
• Rat liver cells prepared by collagenase treatment and separated by density gradient centrifugation with Ficoll-Hypaque solution (specific gravity 1.120), containing only hepatocytes (80%) and Kupffer cells (20%), were found to stimulate strongly Ag-B-incompatible lumphocytes without 2-mercaptoethanol in culture [25].
• At sacrifice, cerebrospinal fluid protein, specific gravity, and glucose were elevated in both saline and neostigmine groups [26].
• In spite of pronounced extravasation of Evans blue-albumin, there was no decrease in specific gravity except in the diencephalon in rats given bicuculline (p less than 0.05) [27].

Associations of Specific Gravity with chemical compounds

• A separate group of rats was used to measure brain specific gravity and Evans blue dye content as an indicator of extravasation [28].
• The effects of ONO-3144 were similar to those of indomethacin, except that ONO-3144 did not affect cortical specific gravity in the PI subgroup [29].
• Tubers from four transgenic potato lines were found to have a lowered specific gravity, a 30 to 50% reduction in the percentage of starch, and a decreased amylose/amylopectin ratio [30].
• When corrected by either creatinine measurements or specific gravity values, the urine cotinine measurements performed as well or better than reported exposure (and comparably with each other) in assessments of lung function [31].
• Specific gravities of human pineals fixed in Bouin's fluid, Bouin's fluid followed by 80% ethanol, 80% ethanol, and embalming fluid were found to be 1.113 +/- 0.025 (N = 5), 0.941 +/- 0.009 (N = 5), 0.990 +/- 0.022 (N = 3), and 1.149 +/- 0.021 (N = 7), respectively [32].

Gene context of Specific Gravity

• Additionally, simultaneous comparison of hypodense (specific gravity < 1.085 g/liter) and normodense (specific gravity > 1.085 g/liter) EOS from allergic donors consistently revealed higher levels of CD44 expression (approximately 3- to 8-fold) but not CD69 expression on hypodense EOS [33].
• Subsequently hippocampal volume and specific gravity were measured and NK-1 receptor and BDNF mRNA levels quantified using ribonuclease protection assays [34].
• Polyuria (3,000-3,500 ml/m(2) per day), low urine specific gravity (1.001-1.002), and high plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) (18.2 pg/ml) suggested NDI [35].
• Week-by-week Spearman rank order correlations between urine color and specific gravity for the total sample (n=98) ranged from r(s) = 0.3 - 0.7, p < .01; the PROC mixed model was significant, p < .01 [36].
• Correlative assay of computerized cranial tomography CCT, water content and specific gravity in normal and pathological postmortem brain [2].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Specific Gravity

• Centrifugation of trophozoites obtained from the small intestine on Metrizamide, specific gravity 1.10, followed by incubation on a nylon fiber column at 37 degrees C for 120 min, yielded up to 15 X 10(6) viable purified trophozoites per infected mouse [37].
• At 2 hours of reperfusion, no significant difference was observed in the specific gravity of the cortex and subcortex regions of gerbils pretreated with AA-861 or with vehicle, but at 6 hours of reperfusion significant positive differences were observed [38].
• No effects of ovariectomy and/or Cd were observed in total serum Ca, calciotropic hormone concentrations, serum or urinary phosphorus and creatinine, creatinine clearance, or urinary specific gravity [39].
• Relationships of total protein, specific gravity, viscosity, refractive index and latex agglutination to immunoglobulin G concentration in mare colostrum [40].
• Clinical significance of specific gravity of spinal anaesthetic agents. Two double-blind studies with hyperbaric 5% lidocaine [41].

References