Disease relevance of Analgesia, Epidural

• However, serum levels of IL-8, a proinflammatory chemoattractant that has been implicated in acute lung injury, were significantly reduced in patients receiving epidural analgesia on days 2 and 3 [1].
• Subjective responses of continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine were compared in 30 patients with acute (postoperative) or chronic (low back) pain [2].
• METHODS: In a double-blind study, healthy women requiring epidural analgesia for labor pain were randomized to receive either ropivacaine or levobupivacaine [3].
• Data were collected from 1057 consecutive patients who received patient-controlled epidural analgesia for postoperative pain relief, using 0.1% bupivacaine with 5 microg x ml(-1) fentanyl in all cases [4].
• BACKGROUND: The aim of this prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study was to investigate the effect of intrapleural bupivacaine on ipsilateral post-thoracotomy shoulder pain in patients receiving thoracic epidural analgesia [5].

Psychiatry related information on Analgesia, Epidural

• We present a patient who received patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) with bupivacaine-morphine-droperidol mixture for one and half days following hemorrhoidectomy, developed paroxysmal adverse reactions of akathisia, dysphoria, and suicidal attempts 3 days after the initiation of the treatment [6].

High impact information on Analgesia, Epidural

• INTERVENTIONS: Epidural bupivacaine, epidural fentanyl, or no epidural drug was administered prior to induction of anesthesia and throughout the entire operation, followed by aggressive postoperative epidural analgesia for all patients [7].
• They were divided into two comparable groups--one receiving pethidine and the other epidural analgesia [8].
• The normal increase in plasma glucose and cortisol during and after surgery was abolished by epidural analgesia [9].
• Rapid decrease in plasma-triiodothyronine during surgery and epidural analgesia independent of afferent neurogenic stimuli and of cortisol [10].
• Epidural analgesia prevented this increase of leucine oxidation (preoperative 21 +/- 6 micromol kg h, postoperative 21 +/- 5 micromol kg h) [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Analgesia, Epidural

• Fentanyl, because of its greater lipophilicity, offers a number of advantages over morphine for epidural analgesia, including a lower incidence of side effects and reduced risk of delayed-onset respiratory depression [12].
• Both the first and second stages of labour were longer in the GPU-booked women but they received less pethidine and fewer had epidural analgesia; they received less electronic fetal monitoring, augmentation and forceps delivery, and fetal distress was diagnosed less often [13].
• Women who received epidural analgesia were more likely to require ephedrine for the treatment of hypotension (9% versus 0%, P =.02), but their infants were less likely to require naloxone at delivery (9% versus 54%, P <.001) [14].
• CONCLUSION: Compared with oxytocin for labor induction, misoprostol results in a shorter induction-to-delivery interval, a reduction in the rate of cesarean delivery for dystocia, and a decreased use of epidural analgesia [15].
• Hypotension during epidural analgesia for Caesarean section. Arterial and central venous pressure changes after acute intravenous loading with two litres of Hartmann's solution [16].

Biological context of Analgesia, Epidural

• OBJECTIVE: We examined the hypothesis that epidural analgesia prevents the increase in amino acid oxidation after elective colorectal surgery in patients receiving hypocaloric infusion of dextrose [11].
• Anticoagulant effect at the time of epidural catheter removal in patients receiving twice-daily or once-daily low-molecular-weight heparin and continuous epidural analgesia after orthopedic surgery [17].
• Peroperative values of free fatty acids and glycerol were significantly lowered by epidural analgesia, indicating inhibition of lipolysis [18].
• METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, prospective study, 124 parturients receiving combined spinal epidural analgesia at 2-6-cm cervical dilatation were allocated to one of four groups to receive bupivacaine alone or with 5, 15, or 25 microg fentanyl, using the technique of up-down sequential allocation [19].
• The measured plasma concentrations speak in favor of the less concentrated solution of bupivacaine in epidural analgesia for obstetrics [20].

Anatomical context of Analgesia, Epidural

• To investigate cardiac electrophysiological effects of thoracic epidural analgesia, a local anaesthetic solution, 0.5% bupivacaine, was administered into the thoracic epidural space in twelve pentobarbital anaesthetised dogs [21].
• The effect of ephedrine on intrapartum fetal heart rate after epidural analgesia [22].
• Epidural buprenorphine was investigated as a postoperative analgesic in a randomized double-blind study of 158 patients given epidural analgesia with mepivacaine or bupivacaine for orthopedic surgery of the lower extremity [23].
• The increased spinal cord accumulation of clonidine may be another mechanism by which epinephrine improves epidural analgesia [24].
• Eleven yearling bulls and 12 yearling rams were used at an ambient temperature of 15 degrees C. The distal lateral aspects and entire ventral part of the scrotum were incised under caudal epidural analgesia (xylazine, 0.07 mg ml-1) [25].

Associations of Analgesia, Epidural with chemical compounds

• All received parenteral nutrition (nitrogen = 5.7 +/- .1 g/m2, energy = 1018 +/- 12 kcal/m2 (125 +/- .7% of BMR) and epidural analgesia [26].
• Epidural morphine is indicated only in selected cancer pain patients and, although bupivacaine extends the efficacy of epidural analgesia, these methods are accompanied by problems and limitations [27].
• Use of methylprednisolone in epidural analgesia [28].
• Urinary function during epidural analgesia with methadone and morphine in post-cesarean section patients [29].
• (3) Voltage-tolerance curves generated from 33 ASA class 1 or 2 patients undergoing ESWL treatment under epidural analgesia with 0.125% bupivacaine, fortified with a bolus epidural dose of 100 micrograms fentanyl if pain arose during treatment [30].

Gene context of Analgesia, Epidural

• The responses of oxytocin (OXT) and prolactin (PRL) were more susceptible to epidural analgesia and were blocked at the C8-T2 level [31].
• The combined effect of continuous blockade of glucagon and cortisol by somatostatin and etomidate and thoracic epidural analgesia on hepatic conversion of amino nitrogen was studied in eight patients who underwent elective cholecystectomy on day 1 after operation and was compared with 16 patients who underwent operation without blockade [32].
• Spontaneous IL-1 beta secretion was higher in newborns to mothers treated with epidural analgesia [33].
• Epidural analgesia and autonomic hyperreflexia: a case report [34].
• The study supports the view that the paramedian approach has technical advantages over the midline approach for lumbar epidural analgesia with catheter technique [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Analgesia, Epidural

• CONCLUSIONS: Epidural analgesia compared with intravenous meperidine analgesia during labor does not increase cesarean deliveries in nulliparous women [36].
• METHODS: Sixty-four patients undergoing elective colonic resection were randomized to either patient-controlled analgesia with morphine or thoracic epidural analgesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl (epidural group) [37].
• On thrombo-embolism after total hip replacement in epidural analgesia: a controlled study of dextran 70 and low-dose heparin combined with dihydroergotamine [38].
• Assessment of ketorolac as an adjuvant to fentanyl patient-controlled epidural analgesia after radical retropubic prostatectomy [39].
• The effect of the addition of adrenaline to pethidine for patient-controlled epidural analgesia after caesarean section [40].

References