Disease relevance of Life Change Events

• There were no significant relationships between the duration of lithium treatment, the duration of bipolar disorder, recent stressful events and hypertension [1].
• TNF-alpha and psychologically stressful events in healthy subjects: potential relevance for multiple sclerosis relapse [2].
• Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) has been associated with stressful events such as immigration [3].
• The stressful events include pharmacological paralysis, footshock, conditioned fear, hypotension, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, noise, and ethanol withdrawal [4].
• CONCLUSIONS: A reversible cardiomyopathy triggered by psychologically stressful events occurs in older women and may mimic evolving acute myocardial infarction or coronary syndrome [5].

Psychiatry related information on Life Change Events

• High school students (mean age 15.2 years) completed self-report questionnaires including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the FAD, questions about suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts, deliberate self harm, and selected life experiences [6].
• This study explores the role of cortisol and early life experiences in the regulation of maternal behavior and mood in teen and adult mothers [7].
• Two stressful events which predominantly involve emotional factors, i.e., psychological stress and conditioned fear, caused significant increases in noradrenaline release selectively in these three brain regions and these increases were also significantly attenuated by pretreatment with diazepam in a flumazenil reversible manner [8].
• However, there is also evidence that plasma levels of testosterone can increase during potentially stressful events and may be elevated in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (CR-PTSD) in comparison with normal subjects and major depressive disorder patients [9].
• Local injections of picrotoxin and baclofen, but not of midazolam and muscimol, attenuated the inhibitory effect of inescapable footshock on locomotor activity in the open field test, examined 24 h after a single exposure of rats to the stressful event [10].

High impact information on Life Change Events

• 7. The set points of HPA regulation and MR/GR balance are genetically programmed, but can be reset by early life experiences involving mother-infant interaction [11].
• OBJECTIVE: To determine if writing about stressful life experiences affects disease status in patients with asthma or rheumatoid arthritis using standardized quantitative outcome measures [12].
• Finally, exposure to an acute stressful event increased the expression and production of GH in both males and females [13].
• Ascorbic acid is known to be important to cell-mediated immunity, and it has been reported to be depleted during physiologically stressful events [14].
• Subsequent to the stressful event, hHSF1 is deactivated and eventually returned to its unactivated form [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Life Change Events

• We have found that lymphocytes from subjects undergoing either of 2 stressful events, cardiac surgery or childbirth, are more sensitive to inhibition by PGE2 [16].
• Threatening, stressful events plus frightening psychotic symptoms may further induce increased dopamine release in response to mild stressors [17].
• During flashbacks, plasma norepinephrine levels increased, and the flashbackers, 11 of whom had experienced stressful events plus frightening psychotic symptoms, had an additional small increase in plasma levels of 3-methoxytyramine, which is indicative of dopamine release [17].
• (c) The study implicates an overreactive polyamine response as a component of the adaptive, or maladaptive, brain response to stressful events and as a novel molecular target for lithium action [18].
• The primary goal of the present research was to investigate the effect of consecutive, emotionally stressful events on cortisol release [19].

Biological context of Life Change Events

• Effects were assessed by measuring salivary cortisol production at baseline and in response to two potentially stressful events, a heel-stick blood draw and a physical exam, in infants born at 33-34 weeks gestation [20].
• It is concluded that the delayed response to formalin injection is the result of complex interactions involving peripheral mechanisms and central neuronal plasticity in which activity initiated by a noxious input persists after the cessation of the input as a consequence of a stressful event such as the cold-water swim [21].
• This is consistent with the idea that birds breeding in extreme environments with short breeding seasons may exhibit a decreased adrenocortical response to stressful events to prevent high corticosterone concentrations from inducing interruptions of reproductive behavior [22].
• In response to a stressful event, the stimulation of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system is probably involved in the observed modifications of body temperature and colonic motility [23].
• The data now available indicate that labour and lactation, or the occurrence of a stressful event such as the very first jump with a parachute causes in NGF plasma levels as well as changes in the distribution of NGF receptors on lymphocytes [24].

Anatomical context of Life Change Events

• Thus, AgRP and NPY mRNA levels in similar arcuate nucleus neurons are differentially regulated following a stressful event [25].
• In response to the stressful event, acetylcholine release was significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex (186%; p < 0.01) and hippocampus (168%; P < 0.01) but not in the amygdala or nucleus accumbens [26].
• Our data indicate that stressful events with a strong psychological component such as forced swimming evoke distinct GR-dependent histone modifications in mature dentate gyrus granule neurons that may participate in the behavioural adaptation of the organism to this event [27].
• Human chromogranin A (CgA) is a glycoprotein mainly localized to the adrenal medulla and released in response to several stressful events [28].
• Little attention has been paid to more slowly developing effects of HPA activity on the central nervous system in children, particularly with regard to its influence on children's memories for stressful events and the emotion regulation strategies that they employed during the event [29].

Gene context of Life Change Events

• We hypothesized that CRF might mediate some of the effects of cocaine and as such it may be a link between stressful events and increased vulnerability to cocaine addiction [30].
• Differential regulation of agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y in hypothalamic neurons following a stressful event [25].
• We conclude that the interaction between CRH and MR presents a novel mechanism involved in the adaptation of the brain to psychologically stressful events [31].
• OBJECTIVES: The objective was to examine the prevalence of psychological distress in patients hospitalized for an acute exacerbation COPD, assess how they appraise and cope with the recent stressful event, and examine the relationships among coping, appraisal, and psychological distress [32].
• INTERVENTION: Patients were assigned to write either about the most stressful event of their lives (n = 71; 39 asthma, 32 rheumatoid arthritis) or about emotionally neutral topics (n = 41; 22 asthma, 19 rheumatoid arthritis) (the control intervention) [12].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Life Change Events

• In placebo-controlled clinical trials, the effects of infusion of esmolol on the sympathetically mediated hemodynamic responses to stressful events during the perioperative period were evaluated in patients scheduled for surgical procedures under general anesthesia [33].
• This qualitative inquiry study used convenience sampling through in-depth interviews to obtain life experiences and feelings of parents while their children underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [34].

References