Disease relevance of Capronic acid

• A band phagocytosis, following Z line and I band loss, is described in polymyositis, in epsilon amino caproic acid induced myopathy and in an experimental myositis of guinea pigs [1].
• Stool caproic acid for screening of Clostridium difficile [2].
• Pathologic hyperfibrinolysis associated with amyloidosis: clinical response to epsilon amino caproic acid [3].
• Epsilon amino caproic acid effectively reversed the fibrinolytic state with improvement of bleeding tendency and reduction of lymphadenopathy [3].
• The addition of caproic acid (3 g/kg of feed) to the feed of chicks led to a significant decrease in the level of colonization of ceca and internal organs by Salmonella serovar Enteritidis at 3 days after infection of 5-day-old chicks [4].

High impact information on Capronic acid

• AgLDL release was decreased >90% by inhibitors of plasmin (epsilon-amino caproic acid and anti-plasminogen mAb), and also by inhibitors of urokinase plasminogen activator (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and anti-urokinase plasminogen activator mAb) [5].
• On the interaction of the finger and the kringle-2 domain of tissue-type plasminogen activator with fibrin. Inhibition of kringle-2 binding to fibrin by epsilon-amino caproic acid [6].
• A vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) analog, acylated on the amino-terminal histidine by hexanoic acid (C(6)-VIP), behaved as a VPAC(2) preferring agonist in binding and functional studies on human VIP receptors, and radioiodinated C(6)-VIP was a suitable ligand for binding studies on wild-type and chimeric receptors [7].
• For example, compound 7b which has a hexanoic acid side chain inhibited AMPDA with a K(i) = 4.2 microM and ADA with a K(i) = 280 microM [8].
• A competitive fluoroimmunoassay for the caproic acid conjugate of 2-phenyloxazolone as a model antigen was performed with the immunoliposomes [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Capronic acid

• A new medium, norleucine-tyrosine (NT) broth, was developed for rapid identification of Clostridium difficile on the basis of caproic acid and p-cresol production [10].

Biological context of Capronic acid

• We have also established that 1-hexanoic acid and 4-methylbenzoic acid do not interact significantly with kringle 4 (Ka less than 0.05 mM-1) [11].
• On the other hand, conjugation with caproic acid slightly suppressed TG's hepatic first-pass metabolism, which suggests that chemically modified TGs with fatty acids would be more stable than the native TG in the systemic circulation after intestinal absorption [12].
• Felbinac, which is a substrate, inhibited the activity of this medium chain acyl-CoA synthetase for hexanoic acid (IC50 = 25 microM) [13].
• Effect of epsilon amino caproic acid, a fibrinolytic inhibitor, on implantation and fetal viability in the rat [14].
• The hydrolysis of C30PHPC by human pancreatic phospholipase A2 was followed by monitoring the increase in the pyrene monomer fluorescence emission intensity occurring as a consequence of transfer of the reaction product, pyren-1-yl hexanoic acid into the aqueous phase [15].

Anatomical context of Capronic acid

• Furthermore, by an in vitro modified Ussing chamber method, it was revealed that the permeability of insulin across both the duodenal and colonic mucous membranes was also improved by increasing the number of caproic acid molecules [16].
• M-5 and M-6 were further biotransformed to a ketol derivative and C-C bond cleavage metabolite (hexanoic acid derivative), an in vivo end product, in the incubation with dog liver microsomes [17].
• A protocol was developed for the analysis of volatile short chain fatty acids in microsamples of feces, short chain fatty acid (SCFA) extraction was from fecal samples using ethanol incorporating n-hexanoic acid as an internal standard [18].
• The effect of caproic acid, handling technique and storage times on the fertility of fowl spermatozoa [19].
• Trypsin-like esterases, hydrolyzing epsilon-amino caproic acid naphtol-AS-D.HBr (ACA), were found in the active form in both submandibular gland and pancreatic homogenates [20].

Associations of Capronic acid with other chemical compounds

• The procedure for demonstrating caproic acid and p-cresol production involves extracting NT broth cultures with ether or chloroform and analyzing the extracts with a gas-liquid chromatograph equipped with a thermal conductivity detector, as is customary for analysis of volatile fatty acids [10].
• Nonetheless, the permeability response to TG could not be blocked by the phospholipase A(2) inhibitors mepacrine or methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate or the P-450 epoxygenase inhibitors 17-octadecynoic acid or propargyloxyphenyl hexanoic acid [21].
• Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase inhibition [with 2-(propargyloxyphenyl) hexanoic acid] had no effect on responses to ACh or simvastatin in either age group [22].
• Hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of azo proteins in which lysine residues are azo coupled, results in conversion of modified lysines to alpha-amino-epsilon-hydroxy caproic acid plus alpha-amino-epsilon-chloro caproic acid [23].
• In order to improve the intestinal absorption of tetragastrin (TG), we synthesized lipophilic derivatives of TG by acylation of its N-terminal amino group with acetic acid, caproic acid, and lauric acid [24].

Gene context of Capronic acid

• The protease inhibitors, Epsilon Amino Caproic Acid (E.A.C.A.) and Aprotinin were found to significantly increase the inhibition produced by P.P.D. in the Leucocyte Migration Test (L.M.T.). Dose-response curves showed that the most effective concentrations were for E.A.C.A. 0.01 M and Aprotinin 100 I.U./ml [25].
• The dipeptide coupled to the dextran matrix appears to be a preferred substrate for plasminogen binding compared to free lysine and epsilon-amino caproic acid [26].
• Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is employed in a study of the effects of the p-nitrophenyl esters of the even numbered fatty acids from C6 (caproic acid) to C18 (stearic acid) on the main phase transition of multilamellar suspensions of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) [27].
• Proteolytic cleavage of the protein chains was observed during purification and storage in the absence of the protease inhibitor 6-amino caproic acid [28].
• A series of renin inhibitors containing the dipeptide transition state mimics (2R,4S,5S)-5-amino-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-cyclohexyl hexanoic acid (Cha-psi[CH(OH)CH2]Ala) and (2R,4S,5S)-5-amino-4-hydroxy-2-isopropyl-6-cyclohexyl hexanoic acid (Cha-psi[CH(OH)CH2]Val) were prepared [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Capronic acid

• To understand the mechanism of affinity maturation, we examined the antigen-antibody interactions between 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl (NP) caproic acid and the Fab fragments of three anti-NP antibodies, N1G9, 3B44, and 3B62, by isothermal titration calorimetry [30].
• This report describes a rapid method for the identification of C. difficile, using gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) for the demonstration of caproic acid, a product of the organisms fatty acid metabolism [2].
• The lactic and/or caproic acid repeat units can be hydrolyzed under physiological conditions, leading to degradable networks that may be useful for tissue engineering applications [31].
• The denatured protein in 6 M guanidine X HCl was reduced and carboxymethylated, dialyzed through 6 M urea/preservatives and to 1% ammonium acetate/0.05% EDTA/0.13% epsilon-amino caproic acid, pH 7.3 under N2 at 4 degrees C. The morphological studies were carried out by electron microscopy with negative staining and freeze fracture [32].
• The addition of hexanoic acid to the perfusion solution (buffer c) abolished the effect of oxfenicine [33].

References