Disease relevance of C08591

• The effect of beta-carotene supplementation on major serum carotenoid fractions (lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene) was investigated in 224 people with colorectal adenomas (139 men, 85 women) recruited for the Australian Polyp Prevention Project (APPP) [1].
• Dietary beta-cryptoxanthin and inflammatory polyarthritis: results from a population-based prospective study [2].
• OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between dietary alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin and the risk of colon cancer [3].
• In this review, the role of main dietary carotenoids, ie, lycopene, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein, and zeaxanthin, in the prevention of heart diseases is discussed [4].
• These findings suggest a mechanism of anti-proliferative action of beta-cryptoxanthin and indicate that beta-cryptoxanthin may be a promising chemopreventive agent against lung cancer [5].

Psychiatry related information on C08591

• Intermediate alcohol consumption was also associated with higher blood concentrations (independent of intake) of vitamin C, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and calcium, with the lowest concentrations being found in heavy alcohol users [6].

High impact information on C08591

• Those subjects in the top one-third of intake of zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin were at a lower risk of developing IP than were subjects in the lowest one-third [odds ratios (95% CI): 0.48 (0.24, 0.94) and 0.51 (0.25, 1.02) for zeaxanthin and beta-cryptoxanthin, respectively] [2].
• CONCLUSION: These data are consistent with previous evidence showing that a modest increase in beta-cryptoxanthin intake, equivalent to one glass of freshly squeezed orange juice per day, is associated with a reduced risk of developing inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis [2].
• As fruit maturation progressed in Satsuma mandarin and Valencia orange, a simultaneous increase in the expression of genes (CitPSY, CitPDS, CitZDS, CitLCYb, CitHYb, and CitZEP) led to massive beta,beta-xanthophyll (beta-cryptoxanthin, zea, and violaxanthin) accumulation in both the flavedo and juice sacs [7].
• When all of these antioxidant vitamins were analyzed simultaneously in a multivariate regression model, the strongest association was seen with vitamin E and beta-cryptoxanthin [8].
• Other carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, and beta-cryptoxanthin), vitamin A, and retinol were not associated with cataract in multivariate analysis [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of C08591

• Inverse associations with carotenes, lutein + zeaxanthin, and beta-cryptoxanthin seemed to be limited to small cell and squamous cell carcinomas [10].
• The carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on bone-resorping factor-stimulated bone resorption in rat bone tissues in vitro [11].
• Prediagnostic levels of serum beta-cryptoxanthin and retinol predict smoking-related lung cancer risk in Shanghai, China [12].
• The serum levels of vitamin A, lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, alpha- and beta-carotene were measured in patients with adenomatous colorectal polyp (n = 59, 35 males, 24 females) by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared with those in healthy subjects (n = 20, 10 males, 10 females) [13].
• Rats were orally administered either vehicle, beta-cryptoxanthin (5 or 10 microg/100 g body weight), zinc sulfate (0.1 or 0.5 mg Zn/100 g), or their combination once a day for 7 d [14].

Biological context of C08591

• Furthermore, beta-cryptoxanthin transactivated RAR-mediated transcription activity of the retinoic acid response element [5].
• Consistent with inhibition of the lung cancer cell growth, beta-cryptoxanthin induced the mRNA levels of retinoic acid receptor beta (RARbeta) in BEAS-2B cells, although this effect was less pronounced in A549 cells [5].
• This study demonstrates that beta-cryptoxanthin has a stimulatory effect on cell differentiation and mineralization due to enhancing gene expression of proteins, which involve in bone formation in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells [15].
• beta-cryptoxanthin stimulates cell differentiation and mineralization in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells [15].
• This study demonstrates that beta-cryptoxanthin has stimulatory effects on apoptotic cell death and suppressive effects on osteoclastic cell function [16].

Anatomical context of C08591

• beta-Cryptoxanthin suppresses the growth of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells and non-small-cell lung cancer cells and up-regulates retinoic acid receptor beta expression [5].
• Statistically significant inverse correlations were observed between plasma lutein and/or beta-cryptoxanthin levels and lymphocyte 8-OHdG and urinary 8-EPG [17].
• The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between plasma levels of carotenoids (alpha- and beta- carotene, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin), vitamins A and E, and atherosclerosis in the carotid and femoral arteries [18].
• Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the presence of low-molecular-weight deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragments of adherent cells cultured with beta-cryptoxanthin (10(-7) or 10(-6) M) for 24 or 48 h, indicating that the carotenoid induces apoptotic cell death [16].
• In colorectal adenomas all carotenoids were significantly reduced as compared to-non-involved mucosa (beta-carotene: 0.37 vs 0.19, P<0.03; lycopene: 0.34 vs 0.21, P<0.06, beta-cryptoxanthin: 0.14 vs 0.09, P<0.03, zeaxanthin: 0.18 vs 0.09, P<0.02; lutein: 0.18 vs 0.13,P <0.02) [19].

Associations of C08591 with other chemical compounds

• Concentrations of retinol were significantly lower and beta-carotene and alpha-carotene were higher in women than in men, both in controls and IDDM subjects, whereas beta-cryptoxanthin concentrations were higher only in control women [20].
• Age, sex and glycemic state adjusted odds ratio was 0.35 (95% CI 0.20-0.60) for beta-carotene and 0.45 (0.27-0.77) for beta-cryptoxanthin [21].
• Carotenoids (lutein zeaxanthin, lycopene, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin), retinol and alpha-tocopherol were assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography [22].
• Dietary intakes of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein/zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, vitamins A, E, and C, and folate were not related to the risk of bladder cancer [23].
• The effect of beta-cryptoxanthin, a kind of carotenoid, on osteoclastic cells in mouse marrow culture system in vitro was investigated [16].

Gene context of C08591

• The inhibitory action of beta-cryptoxanthin may partly involve in a newly synthesized protein component which is related to RANKL stimulation in osteoclastogenesis [11].
• Also, beta-cryptoxanthin (10(-7) and 10(-6)M) had a significant inhibitory effect on osteoclast-like formation induced by receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) (10 and 20 ng/mL) in the presence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (10 and 20 ng/mL) [11].
• Culture with beta-cryptoxanthin (10(-7) or 10(-6) M) for 3 days caused a significant increase in Runx2 type 1, Runx2 type 2, alpha1 (I) collagen, and alkaline phosphatase mRNA levels in osteoblastic cells [15].
• Analysis of the action mechanism of these natural carotenoids is now in progress, and some interesting results have already obtained; for example, beta-cryptoxanthin was suggested to stimulate the expression of RB gene, an anti-oncogene, and p73 gene, which is known as one of the p53-related genes [24].
• Their stored sera and those of 142 matched controls were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography for the following: total carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, total retinoids, retinol, total tocopherols, alpha-tocopherol, delta-tocopherol, and gamma-tocopherol [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of C08591

• Recent findings of an inverse association between beta-cryptoxanthin and lung cancer risk in several observational epidemiologic studies suggest that beta-cryptoxanthin could potentially act as a chemopreventive agent against lung cancer [5].
• High prediagnostic serum beta-cryptoxanthin levels have been found to be associated with reduced risk of lung cancer in a recent cohort study of Chinese men in Shanghai, China. Data on dietary beta-cryptoxanthin, and other specific carotenoids and antioxidants in relation to lung cancer, particularly in non-Western populations, are scarce [26].
• Separation by semi-preparative HPLC of the n-hexane extracts of carrots, tomatoes, and oranges indicated that the antimutagenicity was mainly associated with the fractions of the hydrocarbon carotenoids (alpha-, beta-carotene, lycopene), the xanthophylls (beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein), and also the carotenolesters (oranges) [27].
• Chemoprevention by the oxygenated carotenoid beta-cryptoxanthin of N-methylnitrosourea-induced colon carcinogenesis in F344 rats [28].
• An experimental design procedure was used to investigate the effects of some operating parameters on the supercritical fluid extraction of carotenoids beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin from Spirulina Pacifica algae, a carotenoid-rich dietary product [29].

References