Disease relevance of TWIST2

• TWIST2 demonstrates differential methylation in immunoglobulin variable heavy chain mutated and unmutated chronic lymphocytic leukemia [1].
• Seven patients with Peyronie's disease were treated by surgical exposure of the fibrous plaque and dermo-jet injection of steroids into the plaque under direct vision [2].
• Five types of neurons were labelled by the procedure: receptors, located in the subepithelial region; three kinds of interneurons, located in the ganglion and its digitlike extensions; and a bipolar neuron, located in the dermo-muscular wall of the tentacle [3].
• Furthermore, development of autoantibodies to certain BMZ molecules leads to the onset of a number of acquired autoimmune blistering diseases in which dermo epidermal separation occurs, including bullous pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita [4].
• An anatomo-clinical study of delayed skin allergic reactions to nickel following intradermal injections of lidocaïne with a Dermo-jet [5].

High impact information on TWIST2

• A functional screen for cDNAs that could counteract the proapoptotic effects of the myc oncogene identified two related bHLH family members, Twist and Dermo1 [6].
• In contrast, missense mutations were associated with clearly detectable COL7A1 transcripts and with normal or reduced expression of type VII collagen protein at the dermo/epidermal junction [7].
• In a subset of patients, methylation of TWIST2 correlated with mRNA expression [1].
• Expression of TWIST2 in a CLL cell line in which the promoter is methylated was increased following decitabine treatment [1].
• MATERIALS AND METHODS: TWIST2 promoter methylation was identified by restriction landmark genome scanning [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of TWIST2

• Peyronie's disease: results with dermo-jet injection of dexamethasone [8].
• A group of 102 patients (children and adults) with hypersensitivity to dried fruits and dermo-respiratory pathology underwent "in vivo" tests (skin tests) and "in vitro" tests (histamine release test, specific IgE) using a battery of foods and neumoallergens [9].

Biological context of TWIST2

• Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays were used to study TWIST2 expression in CLL cells [1].
• Our results demonstrate that Dermo-1 caused changes similar to Twist in the osteogenic properties of osteoblastic cells, such as morphology, bone marker gene expression, and biochemical response to cytokines [10].
• We have cloned and characterized human Dermo-1 from two different bone cytoplasmic DNA (cDNA) libraries [10].
• Human Dermo-1 has attributes similar to twist in early bone development [10].
• These results indicate that, during osteoblast development, Dermo-1 may inhibit osteoblast maturation and maintain cells in a preosteoblast phenotype by utilizing mechanisms similar but not identical to those utilized by Twist [10].

Anatomical context of TWIST2

• No mutations in the TWIST2 gene were found in DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes in the two children who were investigated [11].
• We speculate that expression of Twist and Dermo-1 maintains cells in an osteoprogenitor or preosteoblast-like state, respectively, and prevents premature or ectopic osteoblast differentiation [10].
• Dermo-1: a novel twist-related bHLH protein expressed in the developing dermis [12].
• Within its bHLH region, Dermo-1 shares extensive homology with members of the twist family of bHLH proteins, which are expressed in embryonic mesoderm [12].
• Synovial intimal, serosal, alveolar, salivary gland and placental macrophages, Kupffer cells, and macrophages in mechanically stressed dermis expressed high levels of Fc gamma RIIIa [13].

Associations of TWIST2 with chemical compounds

• Southern blot (SB), bisulfite sequencing, and combined bisulfite restriction analysis (COBRA), and quantitative SB-COBRA was performed to study methylation of the TWIST2 promoter [1].
• An overall increase of histone acetylation induced by trichostatin A treatment reduced Dermo-1 transcriptional repression activity, suggesting that histone deacetylation is involved in Dermo-1-mediated transcriptional repression [14].
• Enzymatic synthesis of unsaturated fatty acid glucoside esters for dermo-cosmetic applications [15].
• The rarity of the allergen responsible for this dermo-respiratory picture stresses the need to include, on occasions, not only insects but also worms in the battery of the usual neumoallergens [16].
• The widely used mastopexies and reduction mammaplasties will be analyzed, with demonstration of transposition of NAC using different kind of dermo-glandular flaps, e.g.: Skoog-, Pitanguy-, McKissock-, Strömbeck-, Robbins-, Regnault- and other's method [17].

Regulatory relationships of TWIST2

• Therefore, Twist and Dermo-1 must be sequentially downregulated in order to initiate the cascade of events responsible for osteogenic cell differentiation [10].

Other interactions of TWIST2

• We further examined expression of Dermo-1/Twist in human tissues and cell lines [10].
• In addition, we observed Dermo-1 expression in response to basic fibroblast growth factor in osteoblastic cell lines [10].
• In approximately half of the subjects with atopic dermatitis, infiltrating cells in the dermis expressed HSP65 and HSP72/73; this was not observed in contact dermatitis [18].
• We found that in benign inflammatory infiltrate, less than 10% of CD4 cells expressed MY7 antigen associated with normal MY7 monoclonal antibody labeling of basal cells, whereas in CTCLs more than 50% of CD4 tumoral cells in dermis expressed MY7 antigens; however, basal cells were MY7 negative [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of TWIST2

• Immunolabelling and in situ hybridization experiments showed that this enzyme is expressed in the different layers of epidermis with an accumulation at the dermo-epidermis junction [20].
• Scattered dendritic cells in the papillary and upper reticular dermis expressed heat shock protein 70 and procollagen 1 after treatment with either light device [21].
• During a campaign for the early diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma, 311 patients with non-melanocytic lesions, common naevi, dysplastic naevi and melanomas underwent clinical diagnosis using ELM, computerized evaluation with DB-Dermo MIPS and skin biopsy [22].
• METHODS: Thirty-eight patients who had undergone central ray amputation and closure with the plantar dermo-fat pad flap between 1996 and 2003 were incorporated into the study [23].
• Reductive mammaplasty with superior-based pedicled dermo-glandular flap: our experience [24].

References