Disease relevance of CDY10P

• In conclusion, to date, the USP9Y gene has been considered as one of the major Y-linked spermatogenesis genes, based on both its position within the AZFa region and previous reports that correlated USP9Y mutation to severe spermatogenic failure and infertility [1].
• The Y-linked ribosomal protein S4, Mat-8, and EST AA307912 were highly expressed in benign prostatic hyperplasia tissue [2].
• Recently, studies using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have detected paternal transcripts for the Y-linked genes, ZFY and SRY, and the myotonic dystrophy associated protein kinase gene, DK, as early as the late pronucleate one-cell stage [3].

Psychiatry related information on CDY10P

• The activity of the Y-linked Sry gene during a critical period of gonadal differentiation is the normal trigger for testis determination and subsequent male development in mammals [4].
• To characterize the potential role of these proteins in the regulation of epigenetic events during early human development, we utilized a degenerate PCR priming assay to assess the expression of mRNAs of chromodomain proteins in cDNA samples derived from the human female germline and preimplantation embryos [5].

High impact information on CDY10P

• Although candidate genes have been identified in all three regions, no case of spermatogenic failure has been traced to a point mutation in a Y-linked gene, or to a deletion of a single Y-linked gene [6].
• This hypothesis has been supported by the observation that, among primates, Y-linked genes evolved more rapidly than homologous X-linked genes [7].
• Low variability in a Y-linked plant gene and its implications for Y-chromosome evolution [8].
• ZFX evidently escaped X inactivation in proto-eutherians, which also possessed a very similar Y-linked gene; both characteristics were retained in most extant orders, but not in myomorph rodents [9].
• LBR can interact independently with lamin B and a chromodomain protein, Hp1, and appears to be a central player in targeting nuclear membranes to chromatin [10].

Biological context of CDY10P

• Genetic evidence that a Y-linked gene in man is homologous to a gene on the X chromosome [11].
• These Y-linked genes may form part of a coregulated group of genes which function during spermatogenesis [12].
• Here, we show that the SNF2-like chromodomain helicase protein CHD8 interacts with the insulator binding protein CTCF [13].
• The formation of heterochromatin, which requires methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 and the subsequent recruitment of chromodomain proteins such as heterochromatin protein HP1, serves as a model for the role of histone modifications and chromatin assembly in epigenetic control of the genome [14].
• We show that a chromodomain protein Alp13, which belongs to the conserved MRG protein family linked to cellular senescence in humans, is associated with Clr6 [15].

Anatomical context of CDY10P

• Although Parp-2(-/-) spermatocytes exhibit normal telomere dynamics and normal chromosome synapsis, they display defective meiotic sex chromosome inactivation associated with derailed regulation of histone acetylation and methylation and up-regulated X- and Y-linked gene expression [16].
• Mouse and human fibroblasts expressing anti-chromodomain scFv fragments show a cell-lethal phenotype and an apoptotic morphology becomes apparent soon after transfection [17].
• MRG-1, a mortality factor-related chromodomain protein, is required maternally for primordial germ cells to initiate mitotic proliferation in C. elegans [18].
• Others have shown de-novo transcripts of the Y-linked genes, ZFY and SRY, in the 1-cell zygote [19].
• From studies in the NTERA pluripotential cell line (which differentiates along neuronal and spermatogenic pathways in response to retinoic acid), it emerges that the X and Y-linked genes are regulated differently [20].

Associations of CDY10P with chemical compounds

• Both modifications lead to the binding of specific proteins; bromodomain proteins, such as GCN5, bind acetyl lysines and the chromodomain protein, HP1, binds methyl lysine 9 of histone H3 [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CDY10P

• Microarray analysis of seminiferous tubules isolated from XX/Sry testes confirmed the missing expression of several Y-linked genes and the alterations in the expression profile of genes associated with spermiogenesis [22].
• Comparative DNA analysis indicates that TGIFLX originated from retrotransposition of TGIF2, located on 20q11.2-12, onto the X Chromosome. RT-PCR analysis reveals that both X- and Y-linked genes are specifically expressed in adult testis [23].
• The most successful method used for the isolation of Y-linked genes included the screening of a male complementary DNA (cDNA) library with the probe obtained by degenerate oligonucleotide-primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the microdissected Y chromosomes [24].
• High-resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization of human Y-linked genes on released chromatin [25].

References