Disease relevance of AY498738

• Sodium salicylate and aspirin also inhibited NF-kappa B-dependent transcription from the Ig kappa enhancer and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) in transfected T cells [1].
• Chromosomal translocations juxtaposing the MYC protooncogene with regulatory sequences of immunoglobulin (Ig) H chain or kappa (Ig kappa) or lambda (Ig lambda) L chain genes and effecting deregulated expression of MYC are the hallmarks of human Burkitt lymphoma (BL) [2].
• The 2;8 variant translocation of human Burkitt's lymphomas is closely related cytogenetically to the t(6;15) of murine plasmacytomas; both involve a reciprocal exchange between the Ig kappa locus and a band region indistinguishable from that bearing the c-myc oncogene [3].
• Protein L is an immunoglobulin (Ig)-binding protein produced by the Gram-positive bacterium Peptostreptococcus magnus that interacts with the variable region of Ig kappa light chains [4].
• Monoclonal autoantibodies from patients with autoimmune diseases: synovial fluid B lymphocytes of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis produced an IgG lambda antibody recognizing J-sequences of Ig kappa chains in a conformation-dependent way [5].

High impact information on AY498738

• This site, which is bound by the nuclear protein, NF-kappa B, is critical for Ig kappa gene expression [6].
• Since genes for the T-cell receptor beta chain were previously shown to be on mouse chromosome 6, all three of the Ig-like multigene families expressed and rearranged in T cells are located on different chromosomes, just as are the B-cell multigene families for the Ig heavy chain, and the Ig kappa and lambda light chains [7].
• The frequency of somatic hypermutations of an Ig kappa transgene with an artificial test insert, RS, is at least 4-fold higher than that of three related transgenes [8].
• The immunoglobulin kappa light chain locus has two enhancer elements: the intronic enhancer, which lies between the Jkappa cluster and the Ckappa exon, and the 3'kappa enhancer, which is located downstream of Ckappa [9].
• Despite these findings, normal numbers of Ig kappa + B lymphocytes are produced by mice bearing targeted mutations in individual NF-kappa B/Rel genes [10].

Biological context of AY498738

• Multiple members of the NF-kappa B/Rel protein family are induced during B cell differentiation and have been implicated in transcriptional activation of the immunoglobulin kappa (Ig kappa) locus [10].
• We generated mice harboring germline mutations in which the enhancer element located 9 kb 3' of the immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene (3'E kappa) was replaced either by a single loxP site (3'E kappa delta) or by a neomycin resistance gene (3'E kappa N) [11].
• We conclude that developmentally controlled transcription of a gene rearrangement in the Ig lambda locus occurs in the presence of an unrearranged Ig kappa locus and is therefore not negatively regulated by the latter [12].
• In contrast, analysis of two V kappa cDNA libraries prepared from LPS-stimulated adult spleen cells indicates that only 17% of the Ig kappa cDNAs contain sequences belonging to the V kappa 4 gene family [13].
• Expression of 14-kb Pvt-1 RNA is elevated in B-cell tumor lines that express immunoglobulin light chain genes; thus, we postulate that these translocations are facilitated by the increased DNA accessibility of immunoglobulin kappa light chain and Pvt-1 genes when they are simultaneously expressed at certain times during B-cell ontogeny [14].

Anatomical context of AY498738

• To understand the basis for this developmental shift away from dependence on enhancer function, we have investigated the relationship between transcriptional activity and methylation status of the immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes (kappa genes) in mouse cell lines representing different stages of B-cell maturation [15].
• The V kappa-1A and V kappa-1C germ line genes isolated from BALB/c (Ig kappa c) were identical to those previously described [16].
• By using a plasmid harboring a portion of the Ig kappa gene within which MAR had been located, we searched for proteins recognizing MAR in the nuclear scaffold components electrophoretically separated and blotted onto a membrane [17].
• The Ig kappa L chain synthesized by the mouse hybridoma line F10 forms large fibrils in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum [18].
• The pre-B lymphoid cell line 70Z/3 was previously shown to express type II IL-1R and responds to IL-1 alpha by expressing immunoglobulin kappa light chain mRNA and increased levels of surface IgM [19].

Associations of AY498738 with chemical compounds

• NF-kappa B activation is a crucial late step in the induction of immunoglobulin kappa light-chain gene expression in pre-B cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [20].
• Pentoxifylline inhibits Ig kappa gene transcription and rearrangements in pre-B cells [21].
• Restoration of lambda5 protein by retroviral-mediated gene transfer into established lambda5-deficient pro-B cell lines induced rearrangement of the Ig kappa L chain genes after removal of IL-7 from the culture [22].

Physical interactions of AY498738

• Using a battery of congenic and inbred strains, it was shown that the QUPC52 idiotype was controlled by genes linked to the Igh complex locus (chromosome 12) and to the Ig kappa complex locus (chromosome 6) [23].

Regulatory relationships of AY498738

• However, in mature murine B cells, the DNA-binding activity of NF-kappa B is constitutively nuclear and activates the Ig kappa gene, a marker for mature B cells [24].
• IFN-gamma treatment of 70Z/3 pre-B cells activates Ig kappa L chain gene expression, resulting in the appearance of surface IgM characteristic of B cells [25].

Other interactions of AY498738

• Protein acetylation regulates both PU.1 transactivation and Ig kappa 3' enhancer activity [26].
• We now show that the translocation led to the juxtaposition of N-myc and Ig kappa [27].
• The surviving cells undergo phenotypic differentiation expressing surface Ig kappa chains and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, and increase the expression of IL-2 receptor (R) [28].
• In this study, the murine IL-18 gene along with an Ig-kappa leader sequence was cloned into the SFV10-E vector [29].
• As measured by nuclear run-on transcription experiments at day 2, the transcription rates of Ig mu and the Ig kappa transcription units are equal in both induction experiments [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of AY498738

• Gene targeting in the Ig kappa locus: efficient generation of lambda chain-expressing B cells, independent of gene rearrangements in Ig kappa [31].
• To determine whether an affinity-based process explained the differences in kappa/lambda ratios seen, we measured the affinity of Ig kappa and Ig lambda antibody by using the binding ratio radioimmunoassay method, which measures the affinity of antibodies of particular isotypes without the need for prior purification [32].
• Ig kappa loci sequence analysis was also performed from 10 additional variants amplified directly from tumor cells in vitro without immunoselection [33].
• In nuclei and NM, a number of the same polypeptides were recognized on a southwestern blot when MAR of immunoglobulin kappa gene (Ig kappa MAR) and pericentromeric (periCEN) satDNA fragments were used [34].
• Species identification of blood and bloodstains by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using anti-human immunoglobulin kappa light chain monoclonal antibody [35].

References