Disease relevance of HTL

• Higher frequencies of IL-2 producing cells were observed in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease grades II-IV than in patients with grades 0-I (P = 0.046), indicating that the degree of ongoing alloreactivity is indeed quantified by the HTL assay [1].
• A limiting-dilution analysis technique was developed which enumerates human T cells with the capacity to secrete T-cell growth factors such as interleukin 2 after contact with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) antigens (operationally defined as virus-reactive helper T cells [HTL]) [2].
• Our study identifies HTL as an effective source of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) for pulsing DCs, and demonstrates that HTL-DC can generate a stronger and broader T cell response against fatal cancers, such as pancreatic cancer [3].
• The prevalence (per thousand) of overall hearing loss (average decibel HTL >30) ranged from 6.4 in Mexican-Americans to 12.3 in Cuban-Americans [4].
• The synthetic peptides were tested for antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli Mos blue, E. coli 2, Bacillus brevis, B. megaterium, Pseudomonas HTL, and Vibrio mimicus [5].

Psychiatry related information on HTL

• A sample of 49 Cantonese speakers was surveyed about their self-perceptions of hearing prior to a 25 dB HTL pure-tone screening test [6].
• Speech discrimination performance was measured in sound field for 10 young normal-hearing subjects, 10 elderly 'normal-hearing' subjects with a mean pure-tone average of 9.9 dB HTL, and 10 elderly hearing-impaired subjects with a mean pure-tone average of 48.5 dB HTL [7].

High impact information on HTL

• In the study described here the HTL x-lor products, in the absence of other viral proteins, were able to activate gene expression in trans directed by HTLV LTR [8].
• They fail to form sheep erythrocyte rosettes and do not react with T-cell-specific antisera (TH1-, HTL-), nor do they possess B-cell markers [9].
• We synthesized a 100-mer decaepitope polypeptide and tested its capacity to induce multiple CD8(+) IFN-gamma and Th lymphocyte (HTL) responses in HLA transgenic mice [10].
• These results suggest that the presence of IFN-gamma during the course of an immune response would result in the preferential expansion of HTL of the TH1 phenotype [11].
• In addition, when fresh OVA-specific HTL clones are derived in the presence of rIL-2 TH2 cells are preferentially obtained, whereas TH1 cells predominate if cloning is performed in rIL-2 plus rIFN-gamma [11].

Biological context of HTL

• RESULTS: Deviations from single-hit kinetics were frequently observed in the HTL assays and a nonlinear model was therefore used for analysis [1].
• As these complexes hold the potential to serve as phosphors for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), their electroluminescent performances were evaluated by employing them as dopants of various electron transport layer (ETL) or hole transport layer (HTL) hosts [12].
• By a different mechanism, warming above 60 degrees C without preillumination reveals chemiluminescence high temperature thermoluminescence (HTL) bands due to the radiative thermolysis of peroxides, which are indicators of oxidative stress in leaves [13].
• Proviral DNA (gag gene sequences) was found in LC-enriched epidermal cellular DNA from day 4 post-infection with isolate HTL VIII-B and from day 7 with isolate RF [14].
• It is concluded that although there is a modest relationship between eye color (melanin content) and susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss, this relationship is less apparent in populations exposed to noise levels below 110 dB (re HTL) [15].

Anatomical context of HTL

• Evidence that participation of the L3T4 associative recognition structure on HTL is less important for cloned T cells which have higher affinity antigen receptors was provided by the second model system which used cloned HTL selected for optimal responses to different concentrations of nominal antigen [16].
• In the present study, the use of limiting dilution analysis of interleukin-2 (IL-2) producing helper T lymphocyte frequencies (HTL assay) as a way to quantify alloreactivity following HCT was investigated [1].
• Decreases in CTLp frequencies did not correlate with decreased donor-specific HTL function or suppressor cell activity in peripheral blood samples [17].
• LC-enriched epidermal cell (EC) suspensions with no CD3+ cells (assessed by flow cytometry and electron microscopy) and uninfected U937 cells (cell-free infection system control) were infected with two isolates (HTL VIII-B and RF) [14].
• A middle ear pressure of less than or equal to -150 mm H2O or a flat tympanogram and/or tone screening levels > 20 dB HTL at 0.5 kHz and/or 4 kHz are considered as indicative of ear pathology [18].

Associations of HTL with chemical compounds

• This contribution analyzes the relative effects of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) anode-hole transporting layer (HTL) contact versus the intrinsic HTL materials properties on OLED performance [19].
• Both total body irradiation and combination chemotherapy with busulfan/cyclophosphamide were highly efficient at depleting PTL, CTL-p, and HTL-p (0-4 days) but spared HTL to a variable extent (0-99.5%) [20].
• The effects of micro-electrophoretically applied pineal indoles, melatonin (MEL), 5-methoxytryptophol (MTL) and 5-hydroxytryptophol (HTL) and of the neurotransmitters, noradrenaline (NOR), acetylcholine (ACH) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the electrical activity of pineal cells were studied in anaesthetized pigeons [21].
• However, unlike HT-B, HTL lacked an asparagine-rich domain [22].
• As a matter of course, blood pressure of DM was lower and triglyceride of HTL was higher than in other groups [23].

Other interactions of HTL

• Initial investigations evaluating the feasibility of gene therapy for ZAP-70 deficiency were performed using HTL V-I-transformed lymphocytes [24].
• Here, we identified a new class of HT-like proteins in the style of Petunia inflata and named it HTL [22].
• In addition, very rapid growth of RM was found at 4 kc/s in a patient with sensorineural impairment of 70 db at that frequency as compared with the RM from a frequency with normal HTL [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of HTL

• CONCLUSIONS: We find that the HTL assay may yield interesting insight into regulation of immune responses following allogeneic HCT, but because of the complexity of the results obtained, its use as a routine procedure to guide immunosuppression cannot be recommended [1].
• Using limiting dilution techniques the frequencies of proliferating T cell precursors (PTL), cytotoxic T cell precursors (CTL-p), helper T cell precursors (HTL-p), and mature helper T cells (HTL) were determined before and after treatment [20].
• In the course of measuring the real-ear attenuation at threshold (REAT) of experimenter-inserted E-A-R foam earplugs on 100 subjects, a statistically significant correlation was observed between attenuation and hearing level (for normal listeners, HTL less than or equal to 20 dB) at test frequencies from 2-8 kHz [26].
• HTL responses were detected in the presence of HLA-class II disparity and showed weak correlations with the severity of acute GVHD (p = 0.054) and with survival after transplantation (p = 0.08) [27].
• Our results show that the ELISA anti-HTLV test is quite specific for HTL and related disorders, but the antibody titers may be low in some cases in the late stage [28].

References