The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.

wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
 

Links

 

Gene Review

ADCYAP1  -  adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 1...

Bos taurus

 
 
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
 

Disease relevance of PACAP

 

High impact information on PACAP

  • The cytosolic calcium chelator BAPTA-AM and the nonselective calcium channel antagonist NiCl(2) equally inhibited both secretion of the peptide and transcription of the SgII gene, indicating a major contribution of calcium influx in PACAP-induced SN biosynthesis and release in chromaffin cells [4].
  • These data indicate that SN biosynthesis is regulated by PACAP in chromaffin cells through complex signaling cascades, suggesting that SN may play a function during trans-synaptic stimulation of the adrenal medulla [4].
  • PACAP and TPA both increased the binding activity of the SgII cAMP response element to trans-acting factors present in chromaffin cell nuclear extracts, which are recognized by antibodies to activator protein-1-related proteins [4].
  • Conversely, application of mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors suppressed PACAP-induced SgII gene expression [4].
  • The effect of PACAP on SgII mRNA levels, like the effect of the PKC stimulator 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was not affected by cycloheximide, whereas the effects of the PKA stimulator forskolin or cell-depolarization by high K(+) were significantly reduced by the protein synthesis inhibitor [4].
 

Biological context of PACAP

 

Anatomical context of PACAP

  • The concentration of PACAP-like immunoreactivity in the aqueous humor was increased greatly following infrared irradiation of the iris, topical application of formaldehyde to the cornea, or intravitreal injection of endotoxin or bovine serum albumin [9].
  • These facts showed that PACAP had the thyroid stimulating action and the inhibitory action on the binding of TSH to thyroid receptor [10].
  • RT-PCR revealed that the chicken PACAP receptor is mainly expressed in the brain and gonads [8].
  • Also GLP-1 and PACAP increased the number of insulin-secreting cells in culture [11].
  • The percentage of cells responding to PACAP with increased catecholamine secretion was assessed by immunocytochemistry of the transient appearance of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, associated with the membranes of the chromaffin granules on the cell surface during the secretory process [12].
 

Associations of PACAP with chemical compounds

  • The two naturally occurring forms of PACAP, PACAP38 and PACAP27, both increased cyclic AMP and IP3, and PACAP38 was more potent than PACAP27 in both effects [13].
  • These results indicate that PACAP causes both Ca2+ release, mainly from caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ stores, and Ca2+ influx via L-type Ca2+ channels activated by membrane depolarization that depends on PKC-mediated Na+ influx [5].
  • Despite the effects of PACAP on IP3 production, the Ca2+ release induced by PA-CAP38 or by PACAP27 was unaffected by cinnarizine, a blocker of IP3 channels [13].
  • However, we have recently shown that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), bradykinin, and angiotensin II release Ca2+ from caffeine/ryanodine-sensitive stores, although they cause a concomitant increase of intracellular IP3 [14].
  • PACAP-induced sustained [Ca(2+)](i) rise and Mn(2+) entry were enhanced by acidic extracellular solution and reduced by alkalinization, whereas thapsigargin-induced Mn(2+) entry was regulated by the opposite [15].
 

Regulatory relationships of PACAP

  • Nor does PACAP stimulate the rate of PNMT gene transcription, thereby indicating that the effects of this neuropeptide do not involve enhanced transcription of this gene [16].
  • These data indicate that PACAP regulates the expression of VIP via a signaling pathway that requires calcium influx and activation of calcineurin [17].
  • Both PACAP and PGE2 stimulated GH release at concentrations as low as 10(-9) and 10(-8) M, respectively, (P < 0.01) [18].
  • The results suggest that PACAP-27 activates tyrosine hydroxylase in bovine chromaffin cells through cyclic AMP formation and protein kinase A activation, and that both extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ modulate the effect of the adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP/protein kinase A signalling pathway on tyrosine hydroxylase activity [19].
 

Other interactions of PACAP

  • PACAP likely elevates PNMT mRNA levels posttranscriptionally, possibly by stabilizing this message against degradation [16].
  • These results suggest that PGE2, acting on EP1-like receptors, induces Ca2+ release from ryanodine/caffeine-sensitive stores through a mechanism independent of IP3 and cAMP and that PGE2 may share the same mechanism with PACAP and the other peptide ligands in causing Ca2+ release in bovine adrenal medullary cells [14].
  • Tyrosine hydroxylase induction by PACAP was mediated by both kinases [7].
  • Two neuropeptides whose biosynthesis is regulated by PACAP include enkephalin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) [20].
  • These findings suggest that PACAP and PGE2 may modulate the release of GH in cattle [18].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PACAP

References

  1. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide inhibits collagen-induced arthritis: an experimental immunomodulatory therapy. Abad, C., Martinez, C., Leceta, J., Gomariz, R.P., Delgado, M. J. Immunol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  2. Delayed systemic administration of PACAP38 is neuroprotective in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in the rat. Reglodi, D., Somogyvari-Vigh, A., Vigh, S., Kozicz, T., Arimura, A. Stroke (2000) [Pubmed]
  3. Comparative effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on aldosterone secretion in normal bovine and human tumorous adrenal cells. Bodart, V., Babinski, K., Ong, H., De Léan, A. Endocrinology (1997) [Pubmed]
  4. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates secretoneurin release and secretogranin II gene transcription in bovine adrenochromaffin cells through multiple signaling pathways and increased binding of pre-existing activator protein-1-like transcription factors. Turquier, V., Yon, L., Grumolato, L., Alexandre, D., Fournier, A., Vaudry, H., Anouar, Y. Mol. Pharmacol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  5. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide causes rapid Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and long lasting Ca2+ influx mediated by Na+ influx-dependent membrane depolarization in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Tanaka, K., Shibuya, I., Nagamoto, T., Yamashita, H., Kanno, T. Endocrinology (1996) [Pubmed]
  6. Solubilization of receptor for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide from bovine brain. Masuda, Y., Ohtaki, T., Kitada, C., Tsuda, M., Arimura, A., Fujino, M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1990) [Pubmed]
  7. Differential involvement of PKA and PKC in regulation of catecholamine enzyme genes by PACAP. Choi, H.J., Park, S.Y., Hwang, O. Peptides (1999) [Pubmed]
  8. Molecular cloning and expression of a chicken pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor. Peeters, K., Gerets, H.H., Princen, K., Vandesande, F. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. (1999) [Pubmed]
  9. Distribution and effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide in the rabbit eye. Wang, Z.Y., Alm, P., Håkanson, R. Neuroscience (1995) [Pubmed]
  10. Stimulatory action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on thyroid gland. Chen, W., Inui, T., Hachiya, T., Ochi, Y., Nakajima, Y., Kajita, Y. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1993) [Pubmed]
  11. Effect of stimulators such as GLP-1, PACAP, and nicotinamide on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from porcine pancreatic endocrine cells in long-term culture. Sato, A., Wang, P.C., Ohgawara, H. Pancreas (2002) [Pubmed]
  12. Enhanced cAMP production mediates the stimulatory action of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on in vitro catecholamine secretion from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Perrin, D., Germeshausen, A., Söling, H.D., Wuttke, W., Jarry, H. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes (1995) [Pubmed]
  13. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide causes Ca2+ release from ryanodine/caffeine stores through a novel pathway independent of both inositol trisphosphates and cyclic AMP in bovine adrenal medullary cells. Tanaka, K., Shibuya, I., Uezono, Y., Ueta, Y., Toyohira, Y., Yanagihara, N., Izumi, F., Kanno, T., Yamashita, H. J. Neurochem. (1998) [Pubmed]
  14. Prostaglandin E2 induces Ca2+ release from ryanodine/caffeine-sensitive stores in bovine adrenal medullary cells via EP1-like receptors. Shibuya, I., Tanaka, K., Uezono, Y., Ueta, Y., Toyohira, Y., Yanagihara, N., Izumi, F., Yamashita, H. J. Neurochem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  15. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide induces a sustained increase in intracellular free Ca(2+) concentration and catechol amine release by activating Ca(2+) influx via receptor-stimulated Ca(2+) entry, independent of store-operated Ca(2+) channels, and voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels in bovine adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. Morita, K., Sakakibara, A., Kitayama, S., Kumagai, K., Tanne, K., Dohi, T. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. (2002) [Pubmed]
  16. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulates expression of catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme genes in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Tönshoff, C., Hemmick, L., Evinger, M.J. J. Mol. Neurosci. (1997) [Pubmed]
  17. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide regulation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide transcription requires Ca2+ influx and activation of the serine/threonine phosphatase calcineurin. Lee, H.W., Hahm, S.H., Hsu, C.M., Eiden, L.E. J. Neurochem. (1999) [Pubmed]
  18. Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) on the release of growth hormone from cultured bovine anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Hashizume, T., Soliman, E.B., Kanematsu, S. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  19. Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase by pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP-27) in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Marley, P.D., Cheung, C.Y., Thomson, K.A., Murphy, R. J. Auton. Nerv. Syst. (1996) [Pubmed]
  20. Role of protein kinases in neuropeptide gene regulation by PACAP in chromaffin cells: a pharmacological and bioinformatic analysis. Hamelink, C., Lee, H.W., Hsu, C.M., Eiden, L.E. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (2002) [Pubmed]
  21. Time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay for pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide 27 (PACAP27) using europium (III) ion chelate labeled streptavidin-biotin complex. Ito, K., Goto, T., Tsuji, A., Maeda, M. Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. (1997) [Pubmed]
  22. Autonomic control of submandibular protein secretion in the anaesthetized calf. Calvert, P.A., Heck, P.M., Edwards, A.V. Exp. Physiol. (1998) [Pubmed]
 
WikiGenes - Universities