Disease relevance of AKTIP

• Normal individuals aged over 50 and most young Down's syndrome (DS) subjects had markedly reduced concentrations of circulating thymic hormone (facteur thymique sérique, FTS) [1].
• Three children with IgA and IgE deficiency and T-cell defects (two related patients with ataxia telangiectasia and one with common variable immune deficiency) were treated with synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) intravenously [2].
• FTS also inhibited tumor growth in Panc-1 xenografted nude mice, apparently without systemic toxicity [3].
• Male melanoma patients aged 30 to 49 years have reduced log2 of FTS titers (as little as 1.44 +/- 0.23) compared to that of healthy, age-matched males (3.40 +/- 0.23, P less than 0.05) [4].
• Lymphocytes from five children suffering from ataxia telangectasia or various unclassified immune deficiencies were tested in vitro for their sensitivity to synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) [5].

Psychiatry related information on AKTIP

• Finally, the supporting evidence is clear in the interest and contributions of each participant in the FTS pilot as well as the 27 mental health organizations in 17 U.S. markets which have participated in FTS 11 [6].

High impact information on AKTIP

• The decline in thymic hormone activity in older individuals and DS subjects may be the result of changes in the mechanism of zinc-dependent activation of FTS molecules, which are probably associated with marginal zinc deficiency rather than with a primary failure of the thymus [1].
• Improvement of cellular immunity and IgA production in immunodeficient children after treatment with synthetic serum thymic factor (FTS) [2].
• The liver cell adhesion molecule (L-CAM) is expressed as a single species that is distinct from N-CAM, but its extracellular region can also be obtained as a proteolytic fragment (Ft1) [7].
• Clone lambda L301 produced a fusion protein that reacted strongly with polyclonal antibodies that recognize L-CAM (Mr 124,000) and its Mr 81,000 NH2-terminal fragment, Ft1, released from liver membranes by trypsin [8].
• Digestions with endoglycosidase H and endoglycosidase F indicated that Ft1 has all of the N-linked carbohydrate groups associated with the larger species, including one high mannose oligosaccharide and three complex oligosaccharides [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of AKTIP

• Results are given of daily excretion levels of 6-oxymelatonin, thymic serum factor (FTS), and cortisol in the blood of 140 healthy subjects and 90 patients with skin melanoma, ranging from 20 to 49 years of age [4].
• Finally, Clostridium sordellii lethal toxin, inhibitor of the Ras family of GTPases, and FTS, a potent methyltransferase inhibitor, were both able to partially inhibit LTD4-induced [Ca2+] increase, suggesting a role for a Ras family member in [Ca2+]i regulation [10].

Biological context of AKTIP

• Regulation of apoptosis by the Ft1 protein, a new modulator of protein kinase B/Akt [11].
• Here we report the identification of a novel PKB binding protein, called Ft1, from a cDNA library screen using a green fluorescent protein-based protein-fragment complementation assay [11].
• We show that the Ft1 protein interacts directly with PKB, enhancing the phosphorylation of both of its regulatory sites by promoting its interaction with the upstream kinase PDK1 [11].
• Besides the previously reported phenotypes in Japanese (S, FS, and F), a rare heterozygous phenotype (tentatively maned FTS) was observed once [12].
• In the FTS position and with the head covered, there was no difference in heat loss between the prone and supine positions [13].

Anatomical context of AKTIP

• Further, the modulation of PKB activity by Ft1 has a strong effect on the apoptosis susceptibility of T lymphocytes treated with glucocorticoids [11].
• Specific receptors for the serum thymic factor (FTS) in lymphoblastoid cultured cell lines [14].
• Here we demonstrate that FTS also acts as a functional Ras antagonist in human pancreatic cell lines that express activated K-Ras (Panc-1 and MiaPaCa-2) [3].
• Studies in rodent fibroblasts have shown that S-trans, transfarnesylthiosalicylic acid (FTS) acts as a rather specific nontoxic Ras antagonist, dislodging Ras from its membrane anchorage domains and accelerating its degradation [3].
• Cord blood and growth factor-mobilized CD34(+) cells contained more CLA(+)CD38(low) cells than nonmobilized peripheral blood CD34(+) cells and proliferated more extensively with FTS than the latter cells [15].

Associations of AKTIP with chemical compounds

• In contrast to most inhibitors (eg, B581, Cys-4-Abs-Met, FPT-2, FTI-276, and FTS), a significant growth inhibition was only observed for FTI-277 (19 of 19), FPT-3 (10 of 19), and the MEK inhibitors U0126 (19 of 19) and PD098059 (8 of 19) [16].
• The results of correlation analysis indicate that daily excretion values for 6-oxymelatonin in healthy subjects correlate with both FTS titers and cortisol content, while the latter two correlate with each other (P less than 0.05) [4].
• Seven cell lines underwent multiple phenotypic alterations in response to TPA but were unresponsive to synthetic thymic hormones (TP5, FTS) or to other compounds (e.g. DMSO, retinoic acid) which induce maturation in other types of leukaemia [17].
• METHODS: Freeze drying was performed with a FTS Dura-Stop/Dura-Top freeze dryer with the manometric temperature measurement software installed [18].
• Stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis by the serum factor (FTS) [19].

Regulatory relationships of AKTIP

• However, neither mitogens nor FTS alone could induce nude mice cells to product IL 2 [20].
• Dendritic cell (DC) progenitors were evaluated after induction of FTS-amplified cells into DC using secondary cultures containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4 [15].

Other interactions of AKTIP

• METHODS: Human CD34(+) cells purified from cord blood were cultured with FLT3 ligand, thrombopoietin, and stem cell factor (FTS) for 2 weeks, analyzed, and sorted by FACS [21].
• Thymuline (FTS) in rheumatoid arthritis [22].
• FTL was significantly associated with both FTS (r = 0.96) and FTV (r = 0.88) [23].
• Four main thymic preparations have been reported in the literature: thymosin, thymopoietin, thymic humoral factor (THF), and serum thymic factor (FTS) [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of AKTIP

• Radioimmunoassays for the thymic hormone serum thymic factor (FTS) [25].
• Twenty-three patients with severe combined immunodeficiency disease were studied for circulating thymic hormone levels (facteur thymique serique, FTS), 21 prior to treatment by transplantation of bone marrow, thymus or fetal liver [26].
• BACKGROUND: This study analyzes trends in hospitalization and outcome for adult, elderly, and pediatric trauma victims in the Florida Trauma System (FTS) from 1991 to 2003, during which time the number of centers nearly doubled from 11 to 20 [27].
• The percentages of cells bearing T cell markers were elevated after incubation with FTS at graded concentrations (0.25, 2.5 and 25 ng/ml), by microlymphocytotoxicity or indirect immunofluorescence, using monoclonal anti-Lyt1 antibodies [5].
• The appearance of thymic hormone-like activity, as measured by the rosette inhibition assay, was investigated after oral administration of thymomodulin in elderly humans, who show no detectable levels of FTS ("facteur thymique sérique") in their serum [28].

References