Disease relevance of Carcinoma, Endometrioid

• Endometrial carcinoma (EC) comprises at least two types of cancer: endometrioid carcinomas (EECs) are estrogen-related tumors, which are frequently euploid and have a good prognosis [1].
• PTEN mutations and microsatellite instability in complex atypical hyperplasia, a precursor lesion to uterine endometrioid carcinoma [2].
• All but one of the endometrioid carcinomas with nuclear beta-catenin expression had considerable squamous metaplasia, and five of these cases had large areas of endometrioid tumor of low malignant potential [3].
• Secretion of hK6 protein by 14 tumor cultures, including 3 USPC, 3 endometrioid carcinoma, 5 ovarian serous papillary carcinoma, and 3 cervical cancers, was measured using a sensitive ELISA [4].
• NY-ESO-1 expression was seen in 19% of the endometrioid adenocarcinomas, 32% of the papillary serous carcinomas and in 45% of the carcinosarcomas [5].

High impact information on Carcinoma, Endometrioid

• The excess risk of endometrioid carcinoma related to estrogen use was not further increased when these hormones were taken for long durations, in high doses, or proximate to the time of diagnosis [6].
• We employed microarrays to identify transcriptional targets of deregulated beta-catenin in a human epithelial cell line (293) engineered to produce mutant beta-catenin and in ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas characterized with respect to mutations affecting the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway [7].
• Fibroblast growth factor 9 has oncogenic activity and is a downstream target of Wnt signaling in ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas [8].
• Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at locus 10q23.3 and mutation of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene occur frequently in both endometrial carcinoma and ovarian endometrioid carcinoma [9].
• When the cutoff value was set at 12 units/ml, at which a high diagnostic efficiency was demonstrated [or at 20 units/ml (mean + 3 SD of healthy females)], the positive rates of ovarian serous, mucinous, clear cell, and endometrioid carcinomas were 76% (or 63%), 63% (or 55%), 57% (or 52%), and 50% (or 38%), respectively [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Carcinoma, Endometrioid

• Each specimen, however, had one or more features establishing its endometrioid nature, including large tubular glands resembling those of the typical endometrioid adenocarcinoma, foci of squamous differentiation, luminal mucin accumulation, and adenofibromatous components [11].
• Biotin-containing OCN have been also reported in endometrial tissue during pregnancy and in endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary, and it has been postulated that morules or OCN develop under the influence of female sex hormones [12].
• Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from an endometriotic cyst in a postmenopausal woman under tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer: a case report [13].
• There was an inverse relationship between the endometriosis and the endometrioid adenocarcinoma in terms of the expression of sex steroid receptors and p53: adenocarcinoma cells were positive for p53 but negative for sex steroid receptors, whereas endometriotic epithelial cells were positive for sex steroid receptors but negative for p53 [14].
• We describe a patient with stage III, grade I, endometrioid carcinoma of the ovary treated with cisplatin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and BCG [15].

Biological context of Carcinoma, Endometrioid

• The two most common types of genetic alterations yet identified in uterine endometrioid carcinoma (UEC) are PTEN mutations and microsatellite instability (MI) [2].
• Loss of heterozygosity on 10q23.3 and mutation of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN in benign endometrial cyst of the ovary: possible sequence progression from benign endometrial cyst to endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary [9].
• In addition, ovarian and uterine endometrioid adenocarcinomas with beta-catenin defects show a common gene expression signature largely distinct from that seen in tumors lacking such defects [16].
• High p27 expression was linked to higher grades of endometrioid adenocarcinoma, cell proliferation and some clinical prognostic factors [17].
• Our data demonstrate that IGF-IR overexpression occurs in a subset of endometrioid carcinomas, which has potential prognostic value, while loss of PTEN often is associated with the MSI phenotype [18].

Anatomical context of Carcinoma, Endometrioid

• In this study, we examined the expression of FOXP1 in the normal and malignant endometrium (stage I endometrioid adenocarcinoma cases), showing a frequent deregulation of its expression in cancer [19].
• Possible precursor of HNPCC-related endometrioid carcinoma of the uterus [20].
• Twenty-two cases of keratin granulomas of the peritoneum associated with endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation of the endometrium, the ovary, or both, and with an atypical polypoid adenomyoma of the endometrium were reviewed [21].
• METHODS: Normal endometrium, Grade I and Grade III endometrioid carcinoma tissues and cell lines, as well as serous cancer tissues, were analyzed for DNMT expression [22].
• In conclusion, a fibromyxoid reaction in cases of endometrioid carcinoma is associated with a higher frequency of death or recurrence and it is frequently accompanied by distinctive morphologic changes (MELF) in myoinvasive glands as well as lymphatic or blood vessel invasion [23].

Gene context of Carcinoma, Endometrioid

• Diverse mechanisms of beta-catenin deregulation in ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinomas [24].
• To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation of endometrioid carcinoma, the present study investigated whether the genetic alterations reported in these tumours (mutations in PTEN, KRAS, and beta-catenin genes, and microsatellite instability) are already present in endometrioid tumours of borderline malignancy [25].
• None of the 10 endometrioid carcinomas expressed MUC2, and only 2 showed weak immunoreactivity with MUC5AC [26].
• In this study, we compared the expression of MUC2 and MUC5AC apomucins in 10 colonic adenocarcinomas metastatic with the ovary, 10 ovarian endometrioid carcinomas (4 primary, 6 metastatic), and 32 primary mucinous ovarian tumors (12 cystadenomas, 10 borderline tumors, and 10 cystadenocarcinomas) [26].
• For patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, evidence of EGFR overexpression decreased survival from 89 to 69% (P < 0.04) [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Carcinoma, Endometrioid

• RESULTS: hK6 gene expression levels were significantly higher in USPC when compared with endometrioid carcinoma (mean copy number by real-time PCR, 1,927 versus 239, USPC versus endometrioid carcinoma; P < 0.01) [4].
• To assess the importance of ezrin and its associated protein osteopontin for the progression of endometrioid carcinoma in FIGO stage I, we analyzed paraffin-embedded tissue from 164 patients by immunohistochemistry and correlated these data with clinicopathological parameters [28].
• In patients with stage III-IV, serous or endometrioid adenocarcinomas, significantly poorer survival was seen for those with bcl-2 positive tumours than those with negative bcl-2 staining (P = 0.0064). p53 and MDM-2 were not correlated with initial response to chemotherapy [29].
• From the practical viewpoint, the most helpful immunohistochemical findings are the negative staining of sex cord tumors for epithelial membrane antigen, and positive staining for inhibin and calretinin, findings that are converse to those seen in endometrioid carcinomas of the ovary, which commonly have formations that simulate sex cord tumors [30].
• OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to retrospectively examine the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunoreactivity of tumor cells in curettage specimens containing endometrioid adenocarcinoma and obtained immediately before definitive surgical staging [31].

References