Disease relevance of Histiocytosis

• Since both IL-1 and PGE2 are able to induce bone resorption in vitro, our findings are compatible with the hypothesis that histiocytosis X cells are responsible for the typical osteolytic lesion observed in histiocytosis X through the local secretion of these two mediators [1].
• We describe a highly consanguineous family, originating from Pakistan, displaying histiocytosis, joint contractures, and sensorineural deafness [2].
• Retrospective DNA-content analysis was performed by flow cytometry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 36 patients with histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis) [3].
• Patients were subdivided into groups according to the etiology of the DI: germinoma (n = 4), Langerhans' histiocytosis (n = 5), or idiopathic DI with PST (n = 17) [4].
• Electron microscopic features of transbronchial biopsy specimens may be diagnostic in cases of alveolar proteinosis, histiocytosis X, and amyloidosis [5].

High impact information on Histiocytosis

• More on pamidronate in Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis [6].
• Successful treatment of Langerhans'-cell histiocytosis with etanercept [7].
• To determine whether Langerhans' histiocytosis is a polyclonal reactive disease or a clonal disorder, we used X-linked polymorphic DNA probes (HUMARA, PGK, M27 beta[DXS255], and HPRT) to assess clonality in lesional tissues and control leukocytes from 10 female patients with various forms of the disease [8].
• 2-Chlorodeoxyadenosine to treat refractory histiocytosis X [9].
• Stimulation with endotoxins and treatment with interferon gamma (IFN gamma) revealed an intense IL-1 secretory function of histiocytosis X cells [1].

Chemical compound and disease context of Histiocytosis

• This paper describes the pathology of pulmonary histiocytosis developing in a patient treated with amiodarone, and reports comparable changes in the lungs of rats and mice to which this drug had been administered [10].
• Histiocytosis X cells also avidly phagocytose human RBC and latex particles [11].
• Letter: Technetium-99m-sulfur colloid lung scan in patients with histiocytosis X [12].
• Further study will indicate whether 111In-pentetreotide is a relevant tracer in the management of histiocytosis [13].
• Clofazimine-induced crystal-storing histiocytosis is a rare but well-recognized condition in the literature [14].

Biological context of Histiocytosis

• Autozygosity mapping, to chromosome 11q25, of a rare autosomal recessive syndrome causing histiocytosis, joint contractures, and sensorineural deafness [2].
• No pulmonary pathology was found from the single inhalation treatment with Ca-DTPA while only a slight, peripheral, histiocytosis was observed in the lungs of multiple-treated rats [15].
• This report illustrates that S-100 can be useful in distinguishing eosinophilic granuloma, generally considered to be part of the larger group of histiocytic disorders known as histiocytosis X, from reactive or infectious granulomatous conditions of similar or confusing histology [16].

Anatomical context of Histiocytosis

• Because Langerhans cells (LC) in peripheral tissues are generally "immature" cells with poor lymphostimulatory activity, the contribution of immune responses initiated by LC to the pathogenesis of pulmonary LC histiocytosis (LCH) has been uncertain [17].
• In contrast, expression of constitutively activated H-Ras in bone-marrow cells resulted in the in vitro growth, in the absence of exogenous factors, of colonies that contained only macrophages and of lines of cells resembling dendritic cells, and, upon in vivo injection of the transduced cells, a fatal histiocytosis/monocytic leukemia [18].
• The diagnosis of histiocytosis X may be established by identifying the Langerhans histiocyte, characterized by nuclear grooves, immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, and pentalamellar cytoplasmic structures seen by electron microscopy [19].
• Prior to incubation with the WI-38 cell line, the cell supernatant then was preincubated with nonpreserved anti-human PDGF (AA- and BB-chain) resulting in an 80% decrease of tritiated thymidine uptake and procollagen-III-peptide production in the group of histiocytosis X patients compared with native supernatants [20].
• Macrophages in reactive proliferation, histiocytosis X, and neoplastic proliferation gave positive reaction for IAP [21].

Gene context of Histiocytosis

• CD4 expression is prevalent in human LC histiocytosis, and in this respect CCH differed from human LC histiocytosis [22].
• In contrast, most histiocytosis X cells labeled for S100 protein and with LN3 and peanut agglutinin [23].
• We detected GM-CSF in all the histiocytosis tissue samples [24].
• The role of PDGF in fibrosing mechanisms in histiocytosis X is unclear [20].
• Immunohistochemical staining was positive for CD68 and negative for CD1a, consistent with ECD rather than with the much more common Langerhans cell form of histiocytosis [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Histiocytosis

• Immunohistochemistry showed strong S-100 protein, HLA-DR, and T6 antigen positivity by the histiocytosis X cells [26].
• Eosinophilic pancreatitis is one rare etiology of pancreatic eosinophilia, but other described causes of eosinophilic infiltrates have also included pancreatic allograft rejection, pancreatic pseudocyst, lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis (LPSP), inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and histiocytosis X [27].
• Tritiated thymidine uptake was increased 1.6 times in histiocytosis X compared with the control group (p < 0.01) [20].
• Hemophagocytic histiocytosis (HH) in renal transplant recipients under ciclosporin therapy: report of the first two cases [28].
• The diagnosis of virus (Epstein-Barr virus)-associated hemophagocytic histiocytosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical reactions, by polymerase chain reaction, and by Epstein-Barr-Encodes (Early)-RNA in situ hybridization [29].

References