Disease relevance of Histiocytes

• Immunohistochemistry showed strong expression of CSF-1R by macrophage lineage cells, including villous macrophages and the syncytiotrophoblast layer of placenta, Kupper cells in the liver, and histiocytes infiltrating near prostate cancers [1].
• Myeloperoxidase expression by histiocytes in Kikuchi's and Kikuchi-like lymphadenopathy [2].
• The expression of circulating monocyte markers in malignant histiocytosis suggests that this tumor originates in monocytes or free histiocytes, whereas the phenotype of true histiocytic lymphoma is compatible with an origin in fixed histiocytes, which generally are devoid of the monocyte markers CD11b and CD14 [3].
• In KL and Kikuchi-like lupus erythematosus lymphadenopathies, 25 to 75% of CD68(+) histiocytes co-expressed MPO [2].
• In tuberculous and sarcoid lymph nodes, LT-beta expression also occurred on some but not all epithelioid histiocytes within granulomas and on multi-nucleated giant cells [4].

High impact information on Histiocytes

• Effective control of Epstein-Barr virus-related hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with immunochemotherapy. Histiocyte Society [5].
• Specificity screens on normal human tissues show that LN-4 and LN-5 stain the cytoplasm of macrophages and histiocytes in hematopoietic organs including Kupffer's cells of the liver and Langerhans' cells of the skin [6].
• Hsp60 is widely distributed in lymphoid tissues, whereas hsp27 is absent in all lymphoid cells and histiocytes [7].
• Successful treatment of multicentric reticulohistiocytosis with alendronate: evidence for a direct effect of bisphosphonate on histiocytes [8].
• C48 treatment reduced synovial lining thickening, numbers of mononuclear cells and histiocytes, as well as cartilage destruction and bone erosions [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Histiocytes

• The older patient showed several unique features, including massive gingival hyperplasia associated with histiocytes containing large amounts of a material with the staining characteristics of glycoprotein [10].
• The pulmonary lesions in the patient exposed to cement consisted of histiocytic granulomas and irregular fibrohyaline scars, and in the patient exposed to mica of a diffuse thickening of all interalveolar septa due to new formation of reticulin and collagen fibres and proliferation of fibroblasts and histiocytes [11].
• We suggest that accelerated erythropoiesis and increased uptake of LDL by macrophages and histiocytes of the reticuloendothelial system are the main determinants of low plasma cholesterol levels in heterozygous thalassemia [12].
• Vascular changes in small muscular arteries include concentric intimal or medial hyperplasia with luminal narrowing, prominent myxoid change, extravasated red blood cells, and presence of some foamy histiocytes with no evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy [13].
• Review of three facial biopsies revealed collections of Thorotrast-laden histiocytes and free thorium dioxide within a background of chronic inflammation and dermal fibrosis [14].

Biological context of Histiocytes

• Results showed that treatment of U937 histiocytes with LDL-ICs did not increase the precursors and the cleaved forms of sterol-regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) 1a and 2, suggesting that SREBPs may not be involved in LDLR up-regulation by LDL-ICs [15].
• The enzymatic markers demonstrated in hairy cells-strong acid phosphatase activity in endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes, marked alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase reaction, and weak beta-glucuronidase activity-as well as their phagocytosis of latex particles, indicate a common origin with monocytes or histiocytes [16].
• The proliferation of the characteristic histiocyte of histiocytosis X in the skin of a patient with localized lesions of Hand-Schüller-Christian disease has been studied by counting cells in mitosis and cells that incorporated tritiated thymidine [17].
• The function of CYP1B1 in histiocytes and macrophages may involve both self-tolerance and tumor suppression [18].
• These findings indicate that a loss or absence of p27 expression is an early pathogenic event in mast cell and histiocyte tumorigenesis and that p21 expression may be a marker of mast cell tumor progression and histiocytoma cell proliferation [19].

Anatomical context of Histiocytes

• Western blotting showed no PU.1 protein expression in the cHD-derived cell lines, with the exception of one cell line of putative monocyte/histiocyte origin [20].
• Many spindle cells correspond to activated histiocytes as they coexpress vimentin and macrophage-associated markers; they are intermingled with vimentin-positive fibroblasts and variable numbers of vimentin- and actin-positive myofibroblasts [21].
• The major source of endogenous prostaglandin D2 production is likely antigen-presenting cells. Localization of glutathione-requiring prostaglandin D synthetase in histiocytes, dendritic, and Kupffer cells in various rat tissues [22].
• The majority of T cells were predominantly positive for TIA-1 and negative for CD57; a large population of histiocytes was present in all cases [23].
• Temporal lobe biopsy contained a collection of mature histiocytes, with PAS-positive rod-shaped inclusions [24].

Associations of Histiocytes with chemical compounds

• The synthesis of prostaglandin, prostacyclin, and thromboxane, which requires the enzyme prostaglandin H (PGH) synthase (cyclooxygenase), is a general property of histiocytes, monocytes, and Langerhans cells [25].
• Histiocytes showed lysosomal storage of various phospholipids, cholesterol, neutral lipids, and autofluorescent material [26].
• The morphology and histogenesis of the Reed-Sternberg (RS) and Hodgkin (HD) cells has been studied with the metalophil method of Marshall (1948) and this revealed a population of dendritic histiocytes which corresponded in number, sizes and distribution to the RS and HD cells in adjacent sections stained by haematoxylin and eosin [27].
• Macrophage/histiocyte origin of this protein is supported by a close parallelism to increased serum angiotensin-converting enzyme activity [28].
• Analysis of CSF showed numerous foamy histiocytes without malignant cells, raised protein, and depressed glucose concentration [29].

Gene context of Histiocytes

• In this patient, we noted abundant IL-6 expression not only in H-RS cells, but also in most reactive histiocytes [30].
• Moderate to intense expression of IL-4 was detected in variable numbers of tumor cells and in numerous histiocytes in 16 TCRBCLs [31].
• LDL immune complexes stimulate LDL receptor expression in U937 histiocytes via extracellular signal-regulated kinase and AP-1 [15].
• Both Mos and GCs were shown to express the macrophage/histiocyte marker CD68 [32].
• Histiocytic sarcoma: a study of five cases including the histiocyte marker CD163 [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Histiocytes

• Pseudo-Gaucher histiocytes identified up to 1 year after transplantation for CML are BCR/ABL-positive [34].
• METHODS: The axillary lymph nodes of 71 patients with locally advanced breast cancer treated with induction chemotherapy were evaluated for histological evidence of tumor regression as defined by the presence of nodal fibrosis, mucin pools, or aggregates of foamy histiocytes [35].
• Electron microscopy demonstrated massive stroge of leaflet structures in perivascular histiocytes identical to the lamellar profiles previously described as specific for ALD [36].
• Sea-blue histiocytes in bone-marrow due to a long-term total parenteral nutrition including fat-emulsions [37].
• Double staining of cell markers (B, T-lymphocytes; histiocytes), and in-situ hybridization (ISH) for EBV were performed using tissues obtained during the course of the disease [38].

References