Disease relevance of Glomerular Mesangium

• Altered extracellular matrix production by the glomerular mesangium is a feature of diabetes mellitus [1].
• Extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in the glomerular mesangium is a characteristic feature of diabetic nephropathy [2].
• Light microscopy of kidneys showed a glomerular lesion characterised by the expansion of the mesangium, deposition of PAS positive material in the glomerular mesangium and extraglomerular mesangium hypertrophy of juxtaglomerular cells and a successive increase in oil red-O staining material in the glomerulus [3].
• BACKGROUND: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by deposition in the glomerular mesangium of IgA together with C3, C5b-9, and properdin [4].
• IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a chronic form of glomerulonephritis which is characterized by the deposition in the glomerular mesangium of polymeric IgA (pIgA), the source of which is unknown [5].

High impact information on Glomerular Mesangium

• In the course of glomerular development, small groups of PDGF-Rbeta and desmin-expressing cells collected in the 'S'-shaped and early cup-shaped vesicles, and at later stages such cells were found in the glomerular mesangium [6].
• Among non-central nervous system tissues and tumors, GMEM was found by peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistology in normal liver sinusoids, spleen red pulp sinusoids, kidney medullary tubule interstitium, and glomerular mesangium and in association with vascular and stromal elements of several undifferentiated tumors [7].
• Western blot analysis demonstrated increased PKC beta in diabetic animals, localized by immunofluorescence to the glomerular mesangium [8].
• MCBM width did not correlate with age, duration of diabetes, creatinine clearance, urinary albumin excretion, or fractional volume of the glomerular mesangium [9].
• Uptake of polyvinyl alcohol by macrophages in the glomerular mesangium of rats. Histologic and functional studies [10].

Biological context of Glomerular Mesangium

• These results may indicate that nonsterol pathway plays a crucial role in the cellular action of AVP to produce cell growth of glomerular mesangium [11].
• An angiotensin II (Ang II) binding site, distinct from AT1 and AT2, has been found in cell cultures of rat aortic smooth muscle and rat glomerular mesangium [12].
• These results indicate that TGF-beta1 plays an important role in ECM expression, protein glycosylation and demise of mesangial cells in the diabetic glomerular mesangium [13].
• Species specificity for these moAbs was examined using mouse, rat, guinea pig and rabbit glomeruli, which revealed that H-4 reacted with rat glomerular epithelial cells and H-13 stained guinea pig glomerular mesangium [14].

Anatomical context of Glomerular Mesangium

• This review summarizes the main changes in protein composition of the glomerular mesangium and basement membrane and the evidence that, in the mesangium, these are initiated by changes in glucose metabolism and the formation of advanced glycation end products [15].
• In diseased kidneys, DAF tends to be lost from the JGA but is often present in glomerular mesangium, interstitium and blood vessels [16].
• Prolonged culture of mesangial cells forms multifocal nodular structures, termed "hillocks," composed of cells and extracellular matrix (ECM), which may mimic the situation in the glomerular mesangium [17].
• Besides the Wolffian duct and derivatives, we also report the expression of GATA-3 gene in the glomerular mesangium and adjacent endocapillary cells, in both meso- and metanephros [18].
• Smooth muscle alpha-actin (SMA) mRNA, a marker of vascular smooth muscle cells, was identified in the normal glomerular mesangium both in vivo and in vitro [19].

Associations of Glomerular Mesangium with chemical compounds

• Glomerular mesangium: its function and relationship to angiotensin II [20].
• Serotonin and the glomerular mesangium. Mechanisms of intracellular signaling [21].
• IGFBP-5 mRNA, the most abundant and widely distributed of the IGFBP mRNAs in the kidney, occurred in the glomerular mesangium and the medullary interstitium as well as in the epithelial cells of the distal nephron [22].
• Immunofluorescence staining was positive for myosin and fibronectin, while negative for Factor VIII, suggesting that the outgrowing cells were derived from the glomerular mesangium [23].
• A mesangial glomerulonephropathy, characterized by the deposition of rat IgG, IgM, and C3 in the glomerular mesangium, was produced in Wistar rats by a prolonged administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) [24].

Gene context of Glomerular Mesangium

• Megsin (SERPINB7) is an important candidate gene, predominantly expressed in glomerular mesangium and upregulated in IgAN [25].
• At 3 and 5 weeks, this vascular staining intensified, and some ICAM-1 and VCAM expression was induced in the glomerular mesangium [26].
• OPN expression was significantly increased in the glomerular mesangium (P=0.001) and tubules (P=0.025) after CsA treatment, whereas the number of CD34-positive peritubular capillaries decreased (P=0.022) [27].
• Although expression of VCAM-1 by the glomerular mesangium was strongly correlated with the presence of cells staining for VLA-4 within the glomerulus, glomerular expression of adhesion molecules correlated poorly with their expression in other sites [28].
• VLA-1 was demonstrated in the glomerular mesangium and VLA-5, an FN specific receptor, was present in the mesangium on glomerular endothelial cells and on MC [29].

References