Disease relevance of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

• There was no substantial increase in any other type of gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., liver cancer) among the tamoxifen-treated patients [1].
• However, there was a nearly sixfold increase in endometrial cancers (P < .001) and a threefold increase in gastrointestinal cancers in the tamoxifen-treated patients [1].
• METHODS: DAF was measured using an immunoassay in the stool specimens of 40 persons with colorectal cancer, 18 with colorectal adenomatous polyps, 13 with upper gastrointestinal cancer, and 41 without gastrointestinal disease [2].
• Whereas some tumors, such as gliomas, exclusively express standard CD44, other neoplasms, including gastrointestinal cancer, bladder cancer, uterine cervical cancer, breast cancer and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, also express CD44 variants [3].
• Mutations in the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene appear to be responsible for not only familial adenomatous polyposis but also many sporadic cases of gastrointestinal cancers [4].

High impact information on Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

• 5-Fluorouracil for gastrointestinal cancer [5].
• BACKGROUND: Fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), used alone or in combination with other cytotoxic agents, exhibit limited efficacy in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer [6].
• There was also an excess of gastrointestinal cancers associated with tamoxifen [1].
• Rheumatoid arthritis, aspirin, and gastrointestinal cancer [7].
• These results indicate that the Le phenotype on erythrocytes can undergo a change not infrequently in patients with pancreatic carcinoma as well as in patients with other gastrointestinal cancers, but patients with the Le(a-,b-) phenotype in sera cannot synthesize CA19-19 [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

• However, a relationship between serum retinol levels and the risk of gastrointestinal cancer was suggested [9].
• Parenteral nutrition before surgery for gastrointestinal neoplasms [10].
• CONCLUSIONS: LST-2 is one of the prime candidate molecules for determining methotrexate sensitivity and may be a good target to deliver anticancer drugs to the gastrointestinal cancers [11].
• Docetaxel plus gemcitabine or docetaxel plus cisplatin in advanced pancreatic carcinoma: randomized phase II study 40984 of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Group [12].
• Randomized phase III study of high-dose fluorouracil given as a weekly 24-hour infusion with or without leucovorin versus bolus fluorouracil plus leucovorin in advanced colorectal cancer: European organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Gastrointestinal Group Study 40952 [13].

Biological context of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

• Somatic mutation of the beta2-microglobulin gene associates with unfavorable prognosis in gastrointestinal cancer of the microsatellite mutator phenotype [14].
• ZBP-89 induces apoptosis in human gastrointestinal cancer cells through a p53-independent mechanism [15].
• Because aberrant promoter methylation inhibits expression of a variety of genes in gastrointestinal cancers, we sought to determine whether methylation of the COX-2 promoter could regulate the response to H. pylori in gastric epithelial cells [16].
• These results may indicate involvement of a wide variety of c-ras gene point mutations, in addition to those at codon 12 of c-Ki-ras, in oncogenesis of human gastrointestinal cancers [17].
• An understanding of the cell cycle and its relationship to p53 are critical for the successful clinical development of these agents for the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancers [18].

Anatomical context of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

• Many reports have emphasized the role of gastrin as a growth factor for normal gastrointestinal mucosa and gastrointestinal cancers [19].
• Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, the inducible form of the rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, is up-regulated in gastrointestinal cancers and is a key mediator of epithelial cell growth [16].
• The IgG1-secreting hybridoma line 3G8 (alpha-human Fc gamma R III) was fused with the hybridoma line CA19-9, which produces an IgG1 antibody that binds to a glycoprotein shed by gastrointestinal cancers [20].
• Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS; MIM 174900) is an autosomal dominant condition with incomplete penetrance characterized by hamartomatous polyps of the gastrointestinal tract and a risk of gastrointestinal cancer [21].
• To clarify the mechanism(s), we determined the sensitivity or resistance factors to either drug in seven gastrointestinal cancer cell lines and then analyzed the altered gene expression after different exposures to CDDP and 5-FU [22].

Gene context of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

• Ongoing studies at the Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry in Hong Kong have revealed a unique germline MSH2 c.1452-1455delAATG mutation that has not been reported in other ethnic groups [23].
• Mice with a single wild-type Rb allele develop a syndrome of multiple neuroendocrine neoplasia, and inactivation of both alleles of Msh2 gene predisposes mice to gastrointestinal cancer, lymphomas and tumors of the skin that exhibit a mismatch repair defect [24].
• Here we showed that gastrointestinal cancer tissues expressed higher levels of HSF1 than matched normal tissues [25].
• Inactivation of ELF/TGF-beta signaling in human gastrointestinal cancer [26].
• CONCLUSION: We have described two new missense germline variants in CDH1 in various groups of Korean gastrointestinal cancer patients [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gastrointestinal Neoplasms

• BACKGROUND: Fluorouracil is widely used for chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer, but response rates are poor [28].
• Postoperative enteral versus parenteral nutrition in malnourished patients with gastrointestinal cancer: a randomised multicentre trial [29].
• LESA accelerated clearance of radiolabelled antibody directed against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) from the circulation in four of five patients with gastrointestinal cancer, enhancing gamma-camera imaging of the tumour in three of them [30].
• Radioimmunodetection of gastrointestinal neoplasms with antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen [31].
• Molecular cloning of a human transmembrane-type protein tyrosine phosphatase and its expression in gastrointestinal cancers [32].

References