Disease relevance of Kidney Medulla

• Molecular cloning of a chloride channel that is regulated by dehydration and expressed predominantly in kidney medulla [1].
• These results suggest that up-regulation of renal ET receptors, particularly ETB receptors in kidney medulla, may account for or contribute to renal function impairment induced by glycerol, and they support a pathophysiological role for ET in acute renal failure [2].
• Depression of prostaglandin synthetase activity in kidney medulla by Shigella endotoxin injected intravenously [3].
• Experiments were then carried out by using microsomes prepared form the rabbit kidney medulla, a possible target organ of acetaminophen-induced toxicity [4].
• Male BHE/cdb rats, which carry a genetic trait for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, were fed these diets for 9 mo, at which time their glucose tolerance levels were determined, as were brain, kidney medulla, and plasma levels of PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, and LTB4 [5].

High impact information on Kidney Medulla

• Hypokalemia-induced downregulation of aquaporin-2 water channel expression in rat kidney medulla and cortex [6].
• Western blot analysis of human kidney medulla indicated that the molecular mass of hAQP-CD is 29 kD, which is the same mass expected from the amino acid sequence [7].
• Using a clonal growth assay, we demonstrated that taurine, a nonperturbing osmolyte accumulated in kidney medulla, brain, and some other tissues of hypertonic experimental animals can function as a nonperturbing osmolyte in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells [8].
• An electrogenic proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase from bovine kidney medulla [9].
• 5. Surviving mice manifested a progressive and profound atrophy of the kidney medulla with impaired activation of several osmoprotective genes, including those encoding aldose reductase, Na+/Cl--coupled betaine/gamma-aminobutyric acid transporter, and the Na+/myo-inositol cotransporter [10].

Biological context of Kidney Medulla

• Moreover, phosphorylation of AQP-CD protein in intact rat kidney medulla tissues was stimulated by incubation with cAMP [11].
• In vivo osmoregulation of Na/myo-inositol cotransporter mRNA in rat kidney medulla [12].
• Lipid peroxidation induced by ascorbic acid and Fe2+ was inhibited by mepacrine (phospholipase A2 inhibitor) and aspirin (prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor) in rabbit kidney-medulla slices [13].
• Effect of the aldose reductase inhibitor tolrestat on nerve conduction velocity, Na/K ATPase activity, and polyols in red blood cells, sciatic nerve, kidney cortex, and kidney medulla of diabetic rats [14].

Anatomical context of Kidney Medulla

• Cells in the kidney medulla in vivo and in renal epithelial cell cultures (MDCK) accumulate large amounts of GPC when exposed to high concentrations of NaCl and urea [15].
• Rat kidney papilla contains abundant synaptobrevin protein that participates in the fusion of antidiuretic hormone-regulated water channel-containing endosomes in vitro [16].
• Adenylate cyclase and the [8-lysine]vasopressin receptor were solubilized from pig kidney medulla membranes using the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 [17].
• Northern blot analysis of poly(A+) RNA isolated from rabbit ileum, kidney cortex, and kidney medulla using NHE-2 cDNA as a probe revealed messages of 5.2, 4.2, and 3.2 kilobases with relative abundance (in descending order) kidney medulla > kidney cortex > ileum [18].
• Finally, the MGP gene is expressed at a lower level in kidney medulla and uterus smooth muscle but not in brain, spleen, or heart during development [19].

Associations of Kidney Medulla with chemical compounds

• This study is aimed both at characterizing an ATPase activity in rat kidney equivalent to the proton pump described in bovine kidney medulla and at localizing this enzyme along the nephron [20].
• However, a probe to the NH2-terminal region was fully protected only by brain and adrenal medullary RNA indicating the likelihood of one or more isozyme(s) divergent in this region in the kidney papilla [21].
• Biosynthesis of prostaglandins in rabbit kidney medulla. Properties of prostaglandin synthase [22].
• These results are discussed in the light of our former hypothesis that arachidonic acid release from kidney medulla phospholipids might occur through the sequential action of a phospholipase C coupled to diacylglycerol and monoacylglycerol lipases [Fujimoto, Akamatsu, Hattori & Fujita (1984) Biochem. J. 218, 69-74] [23].
• We have investigated the effects of phospholipase A2 and C on the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in rabbit kidney medulla and the release of fatty acids from the medulla slices [24].

Gene context of Kidney Medulla

• A cDNA encoding rat AQP3, a water channel and a member of the MIP family, that is expressed predominantly in kidney medulla and colon was cloned recently [25].
• Whereas ADD1 is ubiquitously distributed, ADD3 is more expressed in kidney medulla and cortex than in fetal kidney, while in adult liver it is less abundant than in fetal liver [26].
• After LPS treatment, changes in COX-2 immunoreactivity could be observed in interstitial cells in the kidney medulla and in inner cortical cells in the adrenal gland [27].
• Both Atp7a and Atp7b are expressed in glomeruli; however, Atp7b is also seen in the kidney medulla [28].
• In the kidney medulla, GAPDH was concentrated in the basolateral membrane of type A intercalated cells, where it colocalized with the alternatively spliced kidney form of AE1 [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Kidney Medulla

• After intraperitoneal injection of acetaminophen, tissue glutathione and covalent binding of tritiated metabolites of acetaminophen to tissue protein were measured for liver, kidney cortex and kidney papilla [30].
• In situ hybridization revealed that MGP staining was most intense in the straight tubules of the developing kidney medulla at 7 days [31].
• ATII cells, isolated by elastase digestion of lung tissue and purified by density-gradient centrifugation, were incubated with polyclonal antibodies raised against Na+ channel protein purified from beef kidney papilla (NaAb), followed by a secondary antibody (goat antirabbit immunoglobulin G conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate) [32].

References