Disease relevance of nadolol

• Propranolol and nadolol are effective in preventing first bleeding and reducing the mortality rate associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in patients with cirrhosis, regardless of severity [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: As compared with sclerotherapy, nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate significantly decreased the risk of rebleeding from esophageal varices [2].
• METHODS: We did a randomised multicentre study to compare the non-selective beta-blocker, nadolol, with nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate in 146 relatively well (Child-Pugh score < or = 11) patients who had oesophageal varices at risk of bleeding [3].
• Beta blockade with nadolol in patient with congestive heart-failure [4].
• Nadolol and papilledema [5].

Psychiatry related information on nadolol

• Nadolol as a treatment for akathisia [6].
• Effects of nadolol on blood pressure, sleep efficiency, and sleep stages [7].
• Use of a long acting peripheral beta blocker, nadolol, in panic disorder [8].
• In order to determine whether noradrenergic modulation of cognitive flexibility is a centrally or peripherally mediated phenomenon, we compared the effects of propranolol (peripheral and central beta-blocker), nadolol (peripheral beta-blocker), and placebo on anagram task performance [9].
• Thus, nadolol, unlike propranolol, has a narrow effective dose range, and this should permit a brief dose adjustment period, which would be important in improving patient compliance [10].

High impact information on nadolol

• The initial dose of nadolol was 80 mg orally once daily, with adjustment according to the resting heart rate; isosorbide mononitrate was given in increasing doses, beginning at 20 mg once a day at bed time and rising over the course of one week to 40 mg orally twice a day, unless side effects occurred [11].
• Endoscopic ligation compared with combined treatment with nadolol and isosorbide mononitrate to prevent recurrent variceal bleeding [11].
• Redistribution of cardiac output to the kidneys during oral nadolol administration [12].
• In the presence of nadolol, a beta1- and beta2-adrenoceptor antagonist, isoprenaline produced consistent negative inotropic effects [13].
• CONCLUSIONS: Our trial showed that ligation was more effective than nadolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate in the prevention of variceal rebleeding, with similar complications in both treatment modalities [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of nadolol

• Long-term effect of nadolol or nadolol plus isosorbide-5-mononitrate on renal function and ascites formation in patients with cirrhosis. GTIP Gruppo Triveneto per l'Ipertensione Portale [15].
• Minoxidil, nadolol, and a diuretic. Once-a-day therapy for resistant hypertension [16].
• Three patients who had cardiomyopathy or no identifiable structural heart disease were treated with nadolol or amiodarone and had no recurrence of cardiac arrest over 3 to 27 months of follow-up [17].
• Norepinephrine decreased heart rate and cardiac index in patients with hypertension receiving placebo and more markedly when receiving atenolol and nadolol [18].
• HMR 1556 reduced vagal atrial fibrillation duration from 1077 +/- 81 to 471 +/- 38 s, an effect abolished by nadolol and greatly potentiated by dofetilide (duration 77 +/- 30 s) [19].

Biological context of nadolol

• In contrast, nadolol caused a significant increase in the number of ischemic episodes not associated with a heart rate increase, perhaps in part because it potentiated coronary vasoconstriction [20].
• Fifteen patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices were evaluated by hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurement and duplex-Doppler ultrasonography before and after 1 month of treatment with nadolol [21].
• The addition of nitrates to nadolol is effective in decreasing portal pressure in most poor responders to nadolol alone [21].
• Previously, the patient's blood pressure (BP) had been poorly controlled on a regimen of chlorpromazine and hydrochlorothiazide, nadolol, and prazosin [22].
• After the activated charcoal, the nadolol AUC fell from 2455 +/- 155 to 1355 +/- 123 ng . hr/ml (mean +/- SE), as did the percentage nadolol recovered in urine (15.4 +/- 1.4 to 10.2 +/- 0.7%) and the nadolol t1/2 (17.3 +/- 1.7 to 11.8 +/- 1.6 hr) [23].

Anatomical context of nadolol

• METHODS AND RESULTS: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of nadolol versus placebo was performed in 20 patients with stable coronary artery disease [20].
• (ii) Chronic treatment with nadolol or carvedilol significantly increased beta-AR densities in lung membranes by 719% and 828%, respectively [24].
• The effects of alpha-AS (50 microM phenylephrine and 1 microM nadolol) and beta-AS (0.05 microM isoproterenol) on contraction and either cytosolic Ca2+ (Cai) or pH(i) were assessed in adult rat ventricular myocytes bathed in bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.36 +/- 0.05) [25].
• A total of 49 cirrhotic patients with varices at risk of bleeding, without prior variceal bleeding, were investigated by hepatic vein catheterization before and after 1 to 3 months of chronic treatment with nadolol or nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate, and were followed during treatment for up to 5 years [26].
• Nadolol induced no significant changes in the thyroid hormones measured [27].

Associations of nadolol with other chemical compounds

• We compared the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sclerotherapy with the efficacy and safety of nadolol plus isosorbide mononitrate for the prevention of variceal rebleeding [2].
• Since no significant differences between ranitidine and placebo treatment were observed, the two groups were combined as the control group and compared with the nadolol group [28].
• Endoscopic variceal ligation plus nadolol and sucralfate compared with ligation alone for the prevention of variceal rebleeding: a prospective, randomized trial [29].
• Groups of SNX rats also received: antihypertensive treatment (nadolol plus hydralazine); moxonidine; high salt diet or low salt diet (1.58% versus 0.015%) [30].
• After 1 wk of placebo, after 2 wk of the highest dose of propranolol or nadolol, and 2, 4, 6, 9, and 13 days after their discontinuation, thyroid hormone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay and heart rate responses to exercise were assessed [27].

Gene context of nadolol

• When the expression level of beta3-adrenoceptor was lowered, CFTR was not activated under base-line conditions but became sensitive to beta3-adrenoceptor stimulation (isoproterenol plus nadolol, SR 58611, or CGP 12177) [31].
• CONCLUSION: No evidence could be found for a beta3-adrenergic receptor-mediated increase in human thermogenesis and lipid use during isoproterenol infusion after pretreatment with nadolol or propranolol [32].
• Pretreatment of rats with the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist nadolol also prevented OT-induced renin secretion [33].
• IgG2a inhibition was prevented by addition of the betaAR antagonist nadolol or exogenous IFN-gamma [34].
• Furthermore, MP inhibition of granzyme B mRNA was blocked by the beta-antagonist nadolol [35].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of nadolol

• In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, patients received 80 to 320 mg of nadolol for six weeks while continuing their previous therapeutic regimen [36].
• The percentages of patients who had not bled 1 and 2 years after the inclusion were 100 and 94.4% for the nadolol group and 81.2 and 70.2% for the control group (p less than 0.02), respectively [28].
• We conclude that beta-blockers can be compared by ECG recordings and that nadolol is different from the other beta-blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity [37].
• Nadolol, 120 and 240 mg daily, reduced essential tremor in a placebo-controlled double-blind study [38].
• CONCLUSIONS: Chronic therapy with nadolol decreased portal blood flow velocity and volume, and increased splanchnic and renal impedance indices [39].

References