Disease relevance of Tinnitus

• The VHL patients with MRI evidence suggestive of ELSTs or a history of hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo underwent additional radiologic and audiologic evaluations [1].
• Auditory disability (tinnitus, hearing loss, or both) occurred in 22 patients (45%) during treatment with audiometry-documented sensorineural hearing loss in 18 (37%) [2].
• They include neurogenic pain, tinnitus, abnormal movements, epilepsy and certain neuropsychiatric disorders [3].
• Diagnosis of salicylate intoxication is made from patient history, circumstantial evidence, and common clinical features (tinnitus, deafness, sweating, hyperventilation), and is confirmed by measurement of the plasma salicylate concentration [4].
• PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Ménière's disease is characterized by spontaneous attacks of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, aural fullness, and tinnitus [5].

Psychiatry related information on Tinnitus

• OBJECTIVE: The relationship between tinnitus and anxiety and depressive disorders has been frequently alluded to, but there are few studies on antidepressants in the treatment of tinnitus, and the efficacy of sertraline on severe refractory tinnitus has not been reported [6].
• Sensorineural hearing loss is characterized by a relatively well defined set of audiological signs and symptoms such as elevated thresholds, abnormally rapid loudness growth, subjective tinnitus, poor speech discrimination, and a reduction in temporal summation of acoustic energy [7].
• Patients with psychotic or substance use disorders or suicidal ideation were excluded, as were those using psychoactive medications (this resulted in only 1 subject with major depression in the study) or any other medications that interact with paroxetine and those with inability to hear at one's tinnitus sensation level [8].
• In Task 2, the tinnitus group recorded slower reaction times and poorer accuracy in the most demanding dual task context [9].
• Otolaryngologists are likely to see patients with panic disorder, particularly those who have complaints of dizziness, tinnitus, or extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux [10].

High impact information on Tinnitus

• The most common adverse effects with atovaquone and azithromycin were diarrhea and rash (each in 8 percent of the subjects); with clindamycin and quinine the most common adverse effects were tinnitus (39 percent), diarrhea (33 percent), and decreased hearing (28 percent) [11].
• Bismuth subsalicylate use in both dosages was associated with tinnitus at a low, clinically insignificant frequency of 1.2 days per 100 days of treatment [12].
• We describe the cases of four women who developed a scleroderma-like syndrome during L-tryptophan treatment for insomnia or tinnitus [13].
• Tinnitus, loss of absolute acoustic sensitivity and alterations of perceived sounds are the three auditory alterations described by human subjects after ingestion of large doses of salicylate [14].
• Depression, palpitations, and unilateral pulsatile tinnitus due to a dopamine-secreting glomus jugulare tumor [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Tinnitus

• RESULTS: Symptomatic ototoxicity (tinnitus or hearing loss) confirmed by audiograms was documented in five of 30 patients receiving erythromycin and none of 15 receiving other antibiotics [16].
• The aspirin-treated subjects had significantly decreased uric acid levels (p = 0.006) and a significantly higher incidence of tinnitus (p = 0.04) compared with the flurbiprofen treatment groups [17].
• The incidence of tinnitus and deafness was significantly greater with buffered aspirin than with isoxicam, and the number of patients who had at least one episode of dizziness, vertigo, or headache was significantly greater with indomethacin than with isoxicam [18].
• In this concentration range a significant (p < 0.05) effect of lidocaine on tinnitus was observed [19].
• The effects of sertraline on severe tinnitus suffering--a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study [6].

Biological context of Tinnitus

• A large variability in the effects existed because of variations in lidocaine kinetics and because of the presumed psychologic components of tinnitus [19].
• Using four PGL pedigrees, two of which exhibit coinheritance of PGL and sensorineural hearing loss or tinnitus, analysis of 14 microsatellite markers provided support for linkage to the PGL1 locus [20].
• This unique mutation site in our patients is likely related to their milder phenotype (lacking tinnitus) compared with those of six previous DFNA6/14 patients with WFS1mutations [21].
• These two patients presented with asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss and unilateral tinnitus and were found to have completely normal auditory brainstem response [22].
• Within the limitations of the sample study, our results indicate that the biofeedback method is more effective in comparison with acupuncture and Cinnarizine in the treatment of those suffering from tinnitus [23].

Anatomical context of Tinnitus

• Indications for imaging included acquired and/or unstable occlusal disturbances, cephalalgia, facial pain, otalgia, TMJ pain, tinnitus, dizziness, hearing disturbance, masticatory dysfunction, and muscle atrophy [24].
• It has been well documented that salicylate can cause reversible hearing loss and tinnitus and diminish outer hair cell (OHC) electromotility, which is capable of actively boosting the basilar membrane vibration and producing acoustic emission [25].
• The findings suggest that local application of caroverine on the RWM for the treatment of excitotoxicity-related inner ear diseases, such as tinnitus and noise-induced hearing loss, might be both safe and more efficacious while avoiding high blood and CSF caroverine levels seen with systemic administration [26].
• Central nervous system effects and tinnitus were reported by more patients in the aspirin group than in either of the pirprofen groups [27].
• To investigate the effects of the tinnitus inducer, sodium salicylate, on voltage-gated sodium channels, we studied freshly dissociated inferior colliculus neurons of rats by the whole-cell voltage clamp method [28].

Gene context of Tinnitus

• CONCLUSION: The data suggest that (1) the training offered improved stress-managing capabilities in chronic tinnitus sufferers, and (2) TNF-alpha may be conceived as a stress marker [29].
• In tinnitus patients, the magnetic wave M200 (corresponding to the electric wave P200, or P2) is delayed and only poorly developed or even completely missing, while the amplitude of the magnetic wave M100 (corresponding to the electric wave N100, or N1) is significally augmented [30].
• RESULTS: Nortriptyline was superior to placebo by multivariate analysis of covariance for depression (10.6 vs 14.3 final Hamilton Depression score), for tinnitus-related disability (1.8 vs 2.4 final MPI Tinnitus Interference), and tinnitus loudness (13.6 vs 20.0 dB final loudness match [in worst ear at tinnitus frequency]) [31].
• Associated symptoms, including tinnitus and vertigo, and subdural fluid collections are presumably from hydrostatic changes among intracranial fluid compartments that occur at low CSF pressures [32].
• Therapeutic agents are most useful in cases of infections, endolymphatic hydrops, vascular insufficiency, vertigo of peripheral origin, autoimmune disease, otosclerosis (otospongiosis), sudden hearing loss and tinnitus [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tinnitus

• Patients initially were tested with an intravenous infusion of lidocaine (10 mg/mL) to a maximum of 100 mg or until a reduction in tinnitus [34].
• Several double-blind cross-over studies have found that lidocaine can reduce tinnitus in about 50 to 75 percent of subjects [35].
• Salicylate perfusion diminishes electromotile responses in isolated OHCs and physiologic doses of salicylate produce hearing loss and tinnitus in human subjects [36].
• The salicylate-induced discharge was inhibited by intravenous injection of lidocaine at a concentration (1 mg/kg) clinically used for treating tinnitus [37].
• To expand our salicylate-based animal model of tinnitus, a series of conditioned suppression experiments was performed on 54 male-pigmented rats using quinine injections to induce tinnitus [38].

References