Disease relevance of Moraxella

• Results of these studies indicated that loracarbef, 400 and 200 mg twice daily, had clinical and bacteriologic efficacy against the common respiratory pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis that was comparable with that of the comparative agents [1].
• Rates of antimicrobial resistance have been increasing in bacteria responsible for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in the United States. Nearly 100% of clinical isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis now produce beta-lactamase, an enzyme that renders this pathogen resistant to such agents as penicillin, ampicillin, and amoxicillin [2].
• Recombinant TIM inactivation constants (Ki), measured at various temperatures, compared to those of the mesophilic Escherichia coli recombinant TIM clearly show that Moraxella TA137 and B. stearothermophilus TIMs have respectively psychrophilic and thermophilic characteristics [3].
• Susceptibilities of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis to ABT-773 compared to their susceptibilities to 11 other agents [4].
• Cefprozil is also moderately active against Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, many Enterobacteriaceae and certain anaerobic organisms, and is relatively stable to hydrolysis by a number of beta-lactamases [5].

High impact information on Moraxella

• Gene organization and primary structure of human hormone-sensitive lipase: possible significance of a sequence homology with a lipase of Moraxella TA144, an antarctic bacterium [6].
• In contrast, related Moraxella subspecies (n = 13) or other human pathogenic bacteria (n = 13) do not bind C3 or methylamine-treated C3 [7].
• The UspA1 mutants showed a decreased C4BP binding (37.6% reduction), whereas the UspA2-deficient Moraxella mutants displayed a strongly reduced (94.6%) C4BP binding compared with the wild type [8].
• Reaction mechanism of fluoroacetate dehalogenase from Moraxella sp. B [9].
• Two extended regions of significant sequence homology with hormone-sensitive lipase and with lipase 2 from Moraxella TA144 were identified, whereas similarity to carboxyl esterases was restricted to the region encompassing the putative active site, indicating that DAC should be classified as esterase [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Moraxella

• Epithelial infection with Moraxella catarrhalis induced monocyte adhesion, transepithelial migration, and superoxide generation, whereas stimulation with lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, or interferon-gamma induced adhesion or transmigration, but failed to initiate monocyte burst [11].
• Against 50 Moraxella catarrhalis strains, all of the compounds except amoxicillin and cefprozil were active [4].
• Overall, susceptibility of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae to ciprofloxacin was 97%; Moraxella and Haemophilus spp. had susceptibilities of 98 and 99%, respectively; and P. aeruginosa and S. aureus had susceptibilities of 79 and 96%, respectively [12].
• 5. The anaerobic metabolism of benzoate by Moraxella sp. through nitrate respiration takes place by the reductive pathway (Dutton & Evans, 1969) [13].
• The activity of gemifloxacin against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis was compared to those of 11 other agents [14].

Biological context of Moraxella

• A novel cell-binding mechanism of Moraxella catarrhalis ubiquitous surface protein UspA: specific targeting of the N-domain of carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules by UspA1 [15].
• The TIM gene from psychrophilic bacteria Moraxella sp. TA137 was cloned and its nucleotide sequence determined [3].
• This analysis assessed garenoxacin population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response relationships for safety (adverse effects [AE]) and antimicrobial activity (clinical cure and bacteriologic eradication of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the grouping of Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis) [16].
• Roles of 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid transferase from Moraxella catarrhalis in lipooligosaccharide biosynthesis and virulence [17].
• Although the new strains had most of the Moraxella bovis phenotypic characteristics except nitrate reduction, quantitative and qualitative genetic transformation data led to the conclusion that they belong to a distinct new cluster in the genus Moraxella [18].

Anatomical context of Moraxella

• Previous studies correlated the presence of a 200-kDa protein on the surface of Moraxella catarrhalis with the ability of this organism to agglutinate human erythrocytes (M. Fitzgerald, R. Mulcahy, S. Murphy, C. Keane, D. Coakley, and T. Scott, FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 18:209-216, 1997) [19].
• Sputum specimens culture positive for Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis were Gram stained with three decolorizer solutions (slow, 95% ethyl alcohol; intermediate, 1:1 ratio of 95% ethyl alcohol and acetone; and fast, acetone alone) for 5, 10, 20, and 30 s [20].
• Attachment of bacteria to human pharyngeal epithelial cells is the initial step in the pathogenesis of infection and S-carboxymethylcysteine (S-CMC) can modulate the attachment of Moraxella catarrhalis and nontypable Haemophilus influenzae to epithelial cells [21].
• In solid-phase binding assays with isolated membranes, only the receptor from Moraxella catarrhalis was capable of preferentially binding iron-loaded Tf [22].
• Tonsillar B cells from children isolated with positive selection responded to formalin-fixed preparations of Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I [23].

Gene context of Moraxella

• Analysis of the immunological responses to transferrin and lactoferrin receptor proteins from Moraxella catarrhalis [24].
• The Moraxella sp. strain B gene dehH1, encoding fluoroacetate dehalogenase, was placed under the control of both the GPD1 and CYC1 promoters [25].
• Cefcanel was hydrolyzed by TEM-1, TEM-3 and Moraxella Bro-1 beta-lactamases [26].
• A hemolytic bystander assay was used to assess the functional serum mannose-binding lectin (MBL) activating capacity of five isolates of Moraxella catarrhalis obtained from children who suffered recurrent acute otitis media episodes [27].
• One detectable cytoplasmic SOD was identified in the human mucosal pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis, and the gene responsible for the SOD activity, sodA, was isolated from a recent pediatric clinical isolate (strain 7169) [28].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Moraxella

• Antibodies against nonencapsulated Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis were measured by ELISA in paired sera from 158 adult patients with pneumonia [29].
• The comparative in-vitro activity of CP-99219, a new quinolone, against Haemophilus influenzae (150 isolates), Moraxella catarrhalis (100), Streptococcus pneumoniae (80) and Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (40) was determined using an agar dilution technique [30].
• In this report, we present Western immunoblot analysis using Moraxella bovis Epp63 anti-I and anti-Q pilin sera which demonstrate that pMxL1 makes pilin only when in orientation 1 [31].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of outer membrane protein E of Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis [32].
• In all other samples, mean concentrations were in excess of the ceftazidime minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for many relevant respiratory pathogens (Haemophilus influenzae 0.15 microgram/ml; Moraxella catarrhalis 0.06 micrograms/ml; Streptococcus pneumoniae 0.15 micrograms/ml; Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.4 microgram/ml) [33].

References