Disease relevance of Electrooculography

• To determine whether similar retinal light sensitivity changes occur with chronic use, we studied 24 euthymic bipolar patients on chronic lithium treatment and 21 age- and sex-matched normal comparison subjects using electroretinography (ERG) and electro-oculography (EOG) [1].
• In order to study the relation between genotype and phenotype, a detailed study of the course of oculomotor deficits was performed in three patients with autosomal-dominant cerebellar ataxia, subtype spinocerebellar atrophy type 1 (SCA 1) using clinical testing and electrooculography [2].
• EOG as a monitor of desferrioxamine retinal toxicity [3].
• These tests included STAI, fractal (EEG, EOG, plethysmogram, respiratory curves, and EMG) and non-fractal (accelerated plethysmogram) dimension analyses, and malocclusion (based on Angle's classification) [4].
• Some patients also show leakage of fluorescein from the optic disc capillaries, subnormal EOG Lp/Dt ratios, elevated rod dark adaptation thresholds, red-green and blue-yellow color deficiencies, normal ERG findings, hyperopia, peripheral pigmentary retinopathy, and vitreous opacities [5].

Psychiatry related information on Electrooculography

• On the 20 patients, psychological tests were carried out, and the arousal level was evaluated using the frequency of rapid eye movements in the electro-oculogram (EOG) before and after 3 months administration of bifemelane hydrochloride [6].
• Eye movements were studied with EOG in a large number of Huntington's disease (HD) patients (N = 48) and their offspring (subjects at risk, N = 97) [7].

High impact information on Electrooculography

• Interestingly, electroolfactogram (EOG) responses stimulated by either cAMP- or inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate- (IP3-) inducing odorants were completely ablated in AC3 mutants, despite the presence of AC2 and AC4 in olfactory cilia [8].
• The basolateral plasma membrane localization of bestrophin suggests the possibility that bestrophin plays a role in generating the altered electrooculogram of individuals with Best disease [9].
• It is encoded by the VMD2 gene, which is mutated in Best macular dystrophy, a disease characterized by a depressed light peak in the electrooculogram [10].
• BMD is distinguished from AVMD by a diminished electrooculogram light peak (LP) in the absence of changes in the flash electroretinogram [11].
• EOG, a more sensitive diagnostic tool than ERG for screening vigabatrin-treated patients, also appears to be more specific [12].

Biological context of Electrooculography

• We examined the relationship between eye movement direction in REM sleep recorded by electrooculograph (EOG) and gaze direction in dream imagery [13].
• Electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrooculogram (EOG) were recorded while subjects performed the tasks and LORETA source analysis was performed on event-related potential (ERP) components [14].
• Serial electrophysiological brainstem tests including masseter reflex, blink reflex, masseter inhibitory reflex, AEP, MEP, EOG and the oculoauricular phenomenon were applied [15].
• Periodic examinations by ophthalmoscopy and by functional tests such as EOG and visual fields should be continued in patients at risk of delayed-onset chloroquine retinopathy after discontinuance of the drug [16].
• Mental and musical abilities of both groups were controlled by standardized tests (Kaufman's ABC and Gordon's PMMA) and compared with data taken from recordings of saccadic eye movement using online identification from an electrooculogram (EOG) [17].

Anatomical context of Electrooculography

• Eye movements were recorded with electrooculography (EOG) or infrared scleral reflection (IR) in 42 patients with MG, 26 patients with sixth cranial nerve palsy (CNP), 19 patients with chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO) and 28 normal subjects [18].
• The fast oscillation of the electrooculogram reveals sensitivity of the human outer retina/retinal pigment epithelium to glucose level [19].
• The EOG responses were evoked by stimulating the olfactory epithelium with 340 microM L-alanine for 10 sec every second minute during a 1-hr period [20].
• The electrooculogram was abnormal and fluorescein angiography showed normal large choroidal vessels but totally absent choriocapillaris in the involved areas and abnormal pigment epithelium at the edge of the defect [21].

Associations of Electrooculography with chemical compounds

• Electro-olfactogram (EOG) recording also demonstrated that the olfactory system of migratory adult sea lamprey is acutely and specifically sensitive to ACA and PS; detection thresholds for these compounds were approximately 10(-12) M [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol and light act through separate pathways to form a final common pathway inside the RPE cell that is responsible for triggering the timing of the slow oscillatory changes of EOG voltage [23].
• Twelve-hour recordings of electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, digastric electromyogram, electrooculogram and expired CO2 were obtained from 25 normal infants at 1 week and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 months of age [24].
• Octanal and other aldehydes induce large EOG responses in the rodent olfactory epithelium, suggesting that these compounds activate a large number of odour receptors (ORs) [25].
• The effects of fluoxetine on automated measures of electrooculographic (EOG) and electromyographic (EMG) activity were evaluated in 41 patients with nonpsychotic, major depressive disorder [26].

Gene context of Electrooculography

• Four individuals who did not have maculopathy, but did have an abnormal EOG, also had mutations in the VMD2 gene [27].
• Evidence is presented to suggest that the FO component of the EOG is mediated directly or indirectly by CFTR [28].
• Analyses of the patterns of EOG responses to the test stimuli identified and characterized the respective "transduction processes," a term used to describe membrane events initiated by a particular subset of amino acid stimuli that are intricately linked to the origin of the olfactory receptor potential [29].
• Electro-oculographic recordings (EOG) were made on 26 patients with Machado-Joseph disease or at genetic risk for that disease [30].
• The dream narratives and EOG activity occurring prior to the REM awakenings were each reduced to a series of quantitatively scaled ratings [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Electrooculography

• This study evaluated the effects of flurazepam 30 mg, lorazepam 4 mg, triazolam 0.5 mg, and placebo upon sleep and memory in eleven normal male subjects continuously monitored for nighttime EEG, EOG, and EMG recording [31].
• METHODS: Sixty-four consecutive patients with a history of partial seizures currently treated with VGB with either carbamazepine (CBZ) or valproate (VPA) were examined with automated kinetic perimetry, static perimetry, electrooculogram (EOG), and electroretinogram (ERG) [32].
• The ophthalmological examination included ophthalmoscopy, fluorescein angiography, electroretinogram and electrooculogram [33].
• The magnitude of this subtraction-phase error is compared to between-subject ERP variability and to error associated with EOG rejection (omitting data contaminated by ocular artefact) [34].
• We recorded the alcohol-induced EOG response after a single oral administration of ethanol at 160 mg/kg, followed by an ISCEV-standard EOG [35].

References