Disease relevance of sulfur dioxide

• Sulfur dioxide showed strong associations with lung cancer mortality for both sexes [1].
• Airway response to hyperventilation of air and to hyperventilation of 0.75 ppm of sulfur dioxide (SO2) was determined as the provocative ventilation (in liters per minute) necessary to increase SRaw by 75% (PV75 SRaw) [2].
• Direct in vivo delivery of HIV vectors to the nasal epithelium and tracheas of mice failed to mediate gene transfer, but injury with sulfur dioxide (SO2) before vector delivery enhanced gene transfer efficiency to the nasal epithelium of both mice and rats [3].
• There was a significant exposure-response relationship between maternal exposures to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and total suspended particles (TSP) during the third trimester of pregnancy and infant birth weight [4].
• Sulfur dioxide derivatives modulation of high-threshold calcium currents in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons [5].

High impact information on sulfur dioxide

• Sulphur dioxide inhaled at low concentration had no detectable effect on forced expiratory volume in one second in non-asthmatic atopic controls, but it induced asthma and increased bronchial reactivity in nine symptomless atopic and non-atopic asthmatic patients [6].
• Inhalation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) causes bronchoconstriction in most people with asthma [7].
• In East Germany ambient air pollution is characterized by high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and suspended particulates (SP) [8].
• Air pollution epidemiology since the 1950s has been able to demonstrate that increases in daily mortality in London, England, were associated with elevated concentrations of index air pollutants, i.e., British Smoke (BS) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) [9].
• Sulfur dioxide caused a marked loss in cell viability (as indicated by ATP content of the monolayer) after 30 min exposure to 0.01% and 0.005% [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of sulfur dioxide

• Increased daily rates of SIDS were associated with increases, on the previous day, in the levels of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide but not ozone or fine particles measured every sixth day [11].

Biological context of sulfur dioxide

• Electromyographic patterns of the diaphragm and a posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle were evaluated in anesthetized rabbits with and without reversible blockade of pulmonary stretch receptors by inhalation of 200 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) [12].
• In this study, we attempted to investigate age-related alterations in both antioxidant enzyme activities and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), a product of lipid peroxidation, in the whole lung of control and sulfur dioxide (SO2) exposed rats of different age groups (3-, 12-, and 24-months-old) [13].
• Sulphur dioxide plasma-treated LDPE showed a higher level platelet activation than the untreated LDPE [14].
• To investigate the role of tachykinin release in mediating the bronchoconstrictive effect of sulfur dioxide (SO2) inhalation, measurements of dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn), total pulmonary resistance (RL), and arterial blood pressure (ABP) were made in anesthetized guinea pigs [15].
• St. Helens volcanic ash and its potential interaction with sulfur dioxide (SO2), animal studies were performed to determine the acute and chronic health effects of a short-term exposure [16].

Anatomical context of sulfur dioxide

• Sulfur dioxide derivative modulation of potassium channels in rat ventricular myocytes [17].
• Sulphur dioxide was given in the inspired air (200 ppm) to selectively block the slowly adapting mechanoreceptors [18].
• Induction effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) inhalation on micronuclei (MN) formation in the polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) of mouse bone marrow were studied in vivo [19].
• We examined the effects of a single exposure of high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the pulmonary epithelium in adult dogs over a period of several weeks [20].
• Morphologic changes were observed in nasal cavities of beagle dogs after long-term exposure to a respirable sulfur(IV) aerosol at a concentration equivalent to a sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentration of 0.6 mg/m3 [21].

Associations of sulfur dioxide with other chemical compounds

• The effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) derivatives (bisulfite and sulfite, 1:3 M/M) on voltage-dependent potassium current in isolated adult rat ventricular myocyte were investigated using the whole cell patch-clamp technique [17].
• An attempt was made to determine whether sulfur dioxide (SO2,) inhalation at 10 ppm, 1 hr daily, for 30 days induces oxidant stress and whether vitamin E (40 mg/kg) together with vitamin C (200 mg/kg), administered intraperitoneally once in every 3 days, can reduce the damage in red blood cell membranes of guinea pigs [22].
• This is in contrast to the small seasonal variation previously observed at sites in London. Sulphur dioxide concentrations were measured daily using a bubbler method and, if expressed in terms of mass of sulphur and nitrogen, the SO2 and NO2 annual mean concentrations were similar [23].
• The air pollution data chosen for this study were the mean of annual average concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), suspended particulate matter (SPM) and photochemical oxidants (Ox) [24].
• Sulfur dioxide from air samples was absorbed in pH 7 phosphate buffer and determined as bisulfite [25].

Gene context of sulfur dioxide

• Sulfur dioxide exposure significantly decreased copper-zinc superoxide dismutase activity in all experimental groups, compared with controls [26].
• Sulfur dioxide effects on plants exhibiting Crassulacean Acid Metabolism [27].
• Twenty-four volunteers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were exposed to sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 0, 0.4, and 0.8 ppm in an environmental control chamber [28].
• Primary irritative gaseous [like sulfur dioxide (SO2)] as well as particulate pollutants (like TSP) can be regarded as causal constituents [29].
• To investigate the effects of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on olfactory epithelium, an experiment was performed with 56 mice from the same colony [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of sulfur dioxide

• Sulfur dioxide is known to exacerbate airway constriction in exercising asthmatics, at exposure concentrations attainable in ambient air [31].
• We then present a technique of estimating individualized exposures to an atmospheric pollutant, sulfur dioxide (SO2), through atmospheric transport modeling for a case-control study [32].
• Electron microscopic examination of ultrathin sections of ciliated nasal epithelium obtained from seven normal, healthy human volunteers indicated increases in the prevalence of compound cilia following controlled, acute exposure to 0.75 ppm sulfur dioxide (SO2) [33].
• Environmental chamber exposure and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were used to study the dose-response relationship between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and inflammatory reactions in the human lung as reflected in BAL fluid [34].
• Nine asthmatic subjects exercised at low, moderate, and high work rates on a cycle ergometer while breathing filtered, humidified air with or without 0.5 ppm of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in a double-blind study [35].

References