Disease relevance of Ampicillin-sulbactam

• Ampicillin-sulbactam resistance in Escherichia coli is an emerging problem [1].
• Comparative efficacies of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ampicillin-sulbactam against experimental Bacteroides fragilis-Escherichia coli mixed infections [2].
• Both vancomycin and ampicillin-sulbactam readily killed this resistant enterococcus strain in vitro [3].
• A mouse model of bacteremia was used to compare the efficacies of 1.5- and 3.0-g intravenous doses of ampicillin-sulbactam [4].
• Ampicillin-sulbactam (100 and 20 mg/kg of body weight, respectively, given intramuscularly in a two-dose regimen) was equivalent to vancomycin (30 mg/kg given intravenously in a two-dose regimen) in its prophylactic efficacy against the coagulase-negative staphylococcal strain (93 and 80%, respectively) [5].

Psychiatry related information on Ampicillin-sulbactam

• The ampicillin-sulbactam group had a significantly longer latency period (433 +/- 625 versus 143 +/- 165 hours, P = .03) and significantly fewer neonatal complications (five versus 20, P < .001) [6].

High impact information on Ampicillin-sulbactam

• For early-onset HAP, VAP, and HCAP without the risk of multidrug resistance, ceftriaxone, ampicillin-sulbactam, ertapenem, or one of the fluoroquinolones is recommended [7].
• All the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone, but half were resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam [8].
• Clinical isolation and resistance patterns of and superinfection with 10 nosocomial pathogens after treatment with ceftriaxone versus ampicillin-sulbactam [8].
• We studied the activities of ampicillin-sulbactam and trovafloxacin alone or in combination against three unique strains of VISA in an in vitro infection model [9].
• Intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam is effective in the treatment of various infections in adults, but little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PK) of ampicillin-sulbactam in children [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Ampicillin-sulbactam

• The activities of piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ticarcillin, ticarcillin-clavulanate, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, vancomycin, and teicoplanin were tested against 212 Enterococcus faecalis strains (9 beta-lactamase producers) by standard agar dilution MIC testing (10[4] CFU/spot) [11].
• We examined the efficacy of ampicillin-sulbactam (2:1) and cefoxitin in the treatment of infections caused by Escherichia coli strains exhibiting increasing levels of beta-lactamase-mediated resistance to ampicillin-sulbactam in the rat intra-abdominal abscess model [12].
• Differences in the rates of superinfections and the likely causative organisms following treatment with ceftriaxone or ampicillin-sulbactam were evident [8].
• Twenty-one strains of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and two strains of Enterococcus faecalis (one vancomycin resistant) were studied at an initial inoculum of 10(6) CFU/ml in time-kill assays with trovafloxacin (3 mg/liter), ampicillin-sulbactam (100/50 mg/liter), and the combination [13].
• Efficacy of oxacillin and ampicillin-sulbactam combination in experimental endocarditis caused by beta-lactamase-hyperproducing Staphylococcus aureus [14].

Biological context of Ampicillin-sulbactam

• Human pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam (1.5- and 3.0-g intravenous doses) were simulated in each model, and pharmacodynamic interactions were evaluated over one 6-h dosing interval [15].
• The activities of ampicillin-sulbactam and amoxicillin-clavulanate were studied with 100 selected clinical Escherichia coli isolates with different beta-lactam susceptibility phenotypes by standard agar dilution and disk diffusion techniques and with a commercial microdilution system (PASCO) [16].
• To examine the predictable effect of inoculum size on the kinetics of the antimicrobial action of ampicillin-sulbactam, five TEM-1 beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli strains were studied in an in vitro dynamic model at two different initial inocula (N0S) [17].
• STUDY DESIGN: Before induction of labor, timed pregnant New Zealand White rabbits on day 29 of a 31-day gestation received no therapy or ampicillin-sulbactam 50 mg/kg intramuscularly as a single dose 2 to 8 hours before delivery [18].
• This result should encourage a large multicenter trial to demonstrate whether ampicillin-sulbactam prophylaxis reduces patient mortality, and whether antibiotic resistance is increased in patients receiving prophylaxis [19].

Anatomical context of Ampicillin-sulbactam

• A clinical Escherichia coli strain highly resistant to the combinations of amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam was isolated from a patient with a community-acquired urinary tract infection who was previously treated with amoxicillin-clavulanate [20].
• In the therapy of established aortic valve endocarditis in rabbits caused by this same coagulase-negative staphylococcal strain, animals received 7-day ampicillin-sulbactam-based or vancomycin-based regimens with or without rifampin [5].
• In most patients, the concentrations of ampicillin-sulbactam were greater than the MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) for Bacteroides fragilis in the fatty tissues [21].
• Of the Escherichia coli-inoculated animals, those treated with ampicillin-sulbactam had significantly fewer deliveries, fewer positive cultures, and more live fetuses than the untreated animals (p less than or equal to 0.001) [22].
• A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial of ampicillin-sulbactam for preterm premature rupture of membranes in women receiving antenatal corticosteroid therapy [23].

Associations of Ampicillin-sulbactam with other chemical compounds

• Activity of trovafloxacin (with or without ampicillin-sulbactam) against enterococci in an in vitro dynamic model of infection [13].
• We conducted a study to compare the efficacy of ampicillin-sulbactam vs cefuroxime in preventing surgical site infections following elective cholecystectomy [24].
• Both groups were treated with ampicillin-sulbactam (Unasyn, 100 mg/kg per day; Pfizer, Seoul) every 8 hours until they were killed 5 to 6 days after hysteroscopy [25].
• RESULTS: Only colistin and ampicillin-sulbactam showed reasonable in vitro activity against carbapenem-resistant isolates (97% and 74% of isolates susceptible, respectively) [26].
• OBJECTIVE: To investigate the disposition kinetics of ampicillin and sulbactam after IV and IM administration of an ampicillin-sulbactam (2:1) preparation and determine the bioavailability of the combined preparation after IM administration in turkeys [27].

Gene context of Ampicillin-sulbactam

• Predictors of effect of ampicillin-sulbactam against TEM-1 beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in an in vitro dynamic model: enzyme activity versus MIC [28].
• Susceptibility and bactericidal activity studies of four Bla+ enterococci against potential alternative antibiotics, including ampicillin-sulbactam, daptomycin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin, are presented [29].
• The activity of ampicillin-sulbactam against beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli has been questioned [30].
• Bacteria possessing TEM-1-like beta-lactamases are generally regarded as susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam (SAM), while those harboring OXA-1 enzymes are considered resistant [31].
• Use of ampicillin-sulbactam for treatment of experimental meningitis caused by a beta-lactamase-producing strain of Escherichia coli K-1 [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ampicillin-sulbactam

• Ampicillin-sulbactam may be a better agent for antimicrobial prophylaxis in high-risk patients undergoing elective cholecystectomy, especially in a setting where the incidence of enterococcal infections is higher [24].
• The value of chemoprophylaxis against Enterococcus species in elective cholecystectomy: a randomized study of cefuroxime vs ampicillin-sulbactam [24].
• A rabbit model for bacterially induced preterm pregnancy loss: intervention studies with ampicillin-sulbactam [22].
• CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic prophylaxis with ampicillin-sulbactam significantly reduced the occurrence of EOP in critically ill comatose mechanically ventilated patients [19].
• Using a double-blind randomized study design, we administered a combination of ampicillin-sulbactam and indomethacin or corresponding placebos to patients in preterm labor who were receiving intravenous magnesium sulfate tocolysis [33].

References