Disease relevance of colistin

• Co-trimoxazole alone is cheaper and easier to take than co-trimoxazole with framycetin and colistin, and it is therefore preferable to the three-drug combination for the prophylaxis of bacterial infection [1].
• Coadministration of colistin/tobramycin to prevent the increase in E coli abrogated the beneficial effect of vancomycin on AIA [2].
• The use of gentamicin, carbenicillin and colistin has not changed the outcome of Pseudomonas bacteremia [3].
• Treatment of nosocomial pneumonia and tracheobronchitis caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with aerosolized colistin [4].
• Heteroresistance to colistin in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii [5].

High impact information on colistin

• INTERVENTIONS: Patients received selective digestive decontamination using polymyxin E, tobramycin, and amphotericin B through a nasogastric tube and also topically in the oropharynx; control patients received placebo [6].
• Fifty-six patients receiving remission induction treatment for acute leukemia were studied in a randomized trial comparing ciprofloxacin with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus colistin for prevention of infections [7].
• Chronic infection is treated with "maintenance chemotherapy" consisting of beta-lactam antibiotics and tobramycin intravenously in combination with colistin inhalation four times yearly [8].
• Early colonization is treated with oral ciprofloxacin combined with colistin inhalation [8].
• Colistin A, which differs from PMXB by one conservative amino acid substitution in the ring structure, is devoid of this activity [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of colistin

• Sensitivity to several cationic antimicrobial peptides (polymyxin B, colistin, and nisin) was considerably increased in the mutant strain, confirming similar results from other studies of gram-positive bacteria [10].
• In mice, a selective decontamination of the digestive tract regimen consisting of orogastric tobramycin, polymyxin E, and amphotericin B in combination with subcutaneous cefepime inhibited gram-negative bacilli, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, and did not promote vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp [11].
• In this simplified microbiological assay for serum vitamin B12, Lactobacillus leichmanii (NCIB 8117) adapted to tolerate high concentrations (500 mg/L) of the polymyxin antibiotic colistin sulfate is used [12].
• The ability of colistin nonapeptide to render E. coli ATCC 25922 cells sensitive to erythromycin was abrogated by 50% after incubation with E. coli O18 LPS in a ratio by weight of LPS to colistin nonapeptide of 3.9:1 [13].
• The mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of levofloxacin alone and in combination with ceftazidime, colistin (polymyxin E), meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and tobramycin were established against Pseudomonas aeruginosa [14].

Biological context of colistin

• These results will be helpful for understanding the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of colistin and CMS in humans and animals [15].
• The hydrolysis products were assumed to be a complex mixture of many different sulfomethyl derivatives, including colistin [15].
• The time-kill kinetics of colistin against A. baumannii ATCC 19606 and clinical isolate 6 were investigated, and population analysis profiles (PAPs) were conducted [5].
• The third strain (RO180) was resistant primarily to colistin and lacked plasmids [16].
• Among these clinical strains, four presented resistant phenotypes during successive imipenem and colistin treatments [17].

Anatomical context of colistin

• There was no correlation between source of isolation and colistin sensitivity or ability to hemagglutinate red blood cells [18].
• These data indicate that the cytoplasmic membrane is a site of action of colistin and raise a question as to whether an outer bilayer exists in mycobacteria, at least functionally [19].
• Colistin nonapeptide also inhibited LPS-induced [3H]thymidine uptake by splenic lymphocytes, but its activity was less than 1/10 that of colistin [13].
• Maximum sputum concentrations were at least 10 times higher than the MIC breakpoint for Pseudomonas aeruginosa proposed by the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Although sputum drug concentrations decreased after a peak at 1 h, the mean colistin concentrations were still above 4 mg/L after 12 h [20].
• Successful treatment of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii central nervous system infections with colistin [21].

Associations of colistin with other chemical compounds

• We hypothesized that oral decontamination with either chlorhexidine (CHX, 2%) or CHX/colistin (CHX/COL, 2%/2%) would reduce and postpone development of VAP, and oral and endotracheal colonization [22].
• Seventy groups of three gnotobiotic mice were given low doses of ampicillin, colistin, flumequin, gentamicin, tetracycline, or streptomycin via drinking water for 2 weeks [23].
• Use of high-performance liquid chromatography to study the pharmacokinetics of colistin sulfate in rats following intravenous administration [24].
• The CA-M hybrids were more efficient than colistin in displacing lipopolysaccharide-bound dansyl-polymyxin B from colistin-resistant but not from colistin-susceptible strains [25].
• Stability of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate in aqueous media and plasma as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography [15].

Gene context of colistin

• The patient was readmitted to the ICU for a 2nd and a 3rd exacerbation of COPD and was again treated with imipenem and colistin [26].
• Ten other CF candidates did not use colistin sodium [27].
• However, only colistin increased HNE activity in sputum (+102%) and was therefore studied in more detail [28].
• In vivo treatment with free or nanoparticle-bound colistin did not significantly reduce the number of viable Salmonella C53, either in the liver or the spleen of infected mice [29].
• Susceptibility testing to 12 antibiotics showed that 40 of 69 (58%) non-O1, non-O139 strains were resistant to colistin, streptomycin and sulphisoxazole and 28 of 69 (41%) were multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR; > or = 4 antibiotics) [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of colistin

• Colistin nonapeptide was purified by high-pressure liquid chromatography and was demonstrated to bind to LPS by equilibrium dialysis [13].
• The stabilities of colistin and colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) in different aqueous media were studied by specific high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods [15].
• Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as a significant clinical problem worldwide and colistin is being used increasingly as "salvage" therapy [5].
• To assess the safety and effectiveness of intravenous colistin, in combination with other antimicrobial agents, in the treatment of serious infections in patients without cystic fibrosis, a retrospective cohort study in a 450-bed tertiary-care hospital in Athens, Greece, was performed [31].
• Clonotypes of 16 clinical A. baumannii isolates and ATCC 19606 were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and colistin MICs were measured [5].

References